Abstract
Electrical control and readout of magnetic states is an important goal in spintronics. But electrical access to quantum spin systems comes at the cost of coupling to electrodes, which reduces the spin lifetimes through relaxation to electron–hole pairs. Here we report an electrically probed single-atom spin that is long-lived thanks to engineering the coupling of individual iron atoms to the nearby metallic electrodes. Using spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy, we show that the excited spin state of these atoms persists for more than ten milliseconds. The lifetime can be tuned by varying the distance to the microscope probe tip—acting as one electrode—and by changing the thickness of the insulating film which separates the atom from the underlying electrode. The cross-section for spin-flip scattering is so small that many thousands of electrons can probe the spin state projectively before it relaxes. Using all-electrical pump–probe spectroscopy, we measure the lifetime of the atom for different tip–atom distances and determine the intrinsic lifetime as a function of the insulator thickness. We explain the tuning of the spin lifetime in terms of the conductance to each of the electrodes, which provides a method to maximize the electrical readout signal for a given lifetime.
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Acknowledgements
We thank B. Melior for expert technical assistance, A. Macdonald, S. Rolf-Pissarczyk and R. M. Macfarlane for helpful discussions, and P. Willke, F. Natterer and T. Greber for providing comments on the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Office of Naval Research. N.R. acknowledges financial support from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). K.Y. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61471337). W.P. thanks the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for fellowship support.
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W.P., K.Y., S.B., C.P.L. and A.J.H. designed the experiment. W.P., K.Y., S.B. and N.R. carried out the STM measurements. W.P. and K.Y. performed the analysis, W.P. and C.P.L. designed and implemented the pump–probe protocols, C.P.L. and W.P. developed the model, and W.P. carried out the calculations. W.P. and C.P.L. wrote the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and edited the manuscript.
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Paul, W., Yang, K., Baumann, S. et al. Control of the millisecond spin lifetime of an electrically probed atom. Nature Phys 13, 403–407 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3965
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3965
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