Abstract
Background
Dietary interventions can improve gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. We determined the effects of fatty acids (FAs) supplementation with medium- and long-chain saturated FAs on mouse GI motility and correlated them with the expression of genes for free FA receptors (FFAR)1–4, FA binding protein 4 (FABP4) and inflammation.
Methods
Forty-eight BalbC were assigned to: standard diet (STD), diet rich in medium-chain saturated FAs (COCO) and long-chain saturated FAs (HF) (7% by weight). Body weight (BW) and food intake (FI) were monitored for 8-weeks. GI motility was determined by fecal pellet output (FPO) and colon bead expulsion tests. FABP4 inhibitor, BMS309403 (1 mg/kg, ip) was injected to half of each group 2 days/week. mRNA expression of FABP4, (FFAR)1–4, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in colonic and splenic tissues using real-time PCR.
Results
COCO and HF decreased FI. COCO accelerated overall GI transit (p < 0.05). COCO increased the mRNA expression of FFAR2 (p < 0.001) and TNFα (p < 0.01); HF increased the expression of FABP4 and FABP4 (p < 0.05), and FFAR2 (p < 0.001) in the colon, and decreased FFAR1 and FABP4 (p < 0.001), TNFα (p < 0.01) and IL-1ß (p < 0.05) in splenic tissues. BMS309403 decreased the FI and delayed colonic transit in STD+BMS and COCO+BMS vs. STD (p < 0.05). HF+BMS increased colonic expression of FFAR3 (p < 0.01), TNFα (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.01), and reduced FFAR4 (p < 0.05); COCO + BMS decreased TNFα (p < 0.01).
Conclusion
Diversification in the dietary lipid content affected GI motility in mice and the expression of FFARs and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo.
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Abbreviations
- BW:
-
body weight
- COCO:
-
coconut oil
- Ct:
-
threshold cycle
- FAs:
-
fatty acids
- FABPs:
-
fatty acid binding proteins
- FABP4:
-
fatty acid binding protein 4
- FFAs:
-
free fatty acids
- FFAR1:
-
free fatty acid receptor 1
- FFAR2:
-
free fatty acid receptor 2
- FFAR3:
-
free fatty acid receptor 3
- FFAR4:
-
free fatty acid receptor 4
- FGIDs:
-
functional gastrointestinal disorders
- FI:
-
food intake
- FPO:
-
fecal pellet output
- GAPDH:
-
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GLP-1:
-
glucagon-like peptide-1
- HF:
-
high fat diet
- HPRT1:
-
hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase 1
- ip:
-
intraperitoneal
- IBS:
-
irritable bowel syndrome
- LA:
-
linoleic acid
- MCFAs:
-
medium-chain fatty acids
- MCP-1:
-
monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- PBS:
-
phosphate-buffered saline
- STD:
-
standard diet
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Mosińska, P., Tarasiuk, A., Fabisiak, A. et al. Dietary fatty acid content influences the expression of genes involved in the lipid turnover and inflammation in mouse colon and spleen. Pharmacol. Rep 71, 899–908 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharep.2019.07.010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharep.2019.07.010