Abstract
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, Apocynaceae, is an immensely important medicinal plant, produces a variety of anticancerous compounds. The yield of two most investigated alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine is unfortunately very low. A vast array of technologies including elicitation have recently been used to enrich Catharanthus alkaloid in culture. Yeast extract is a biotic elicitor, the polysaccharide and the peptide moiety have been recognized as a signalling element in enriching secondary metabolites. In this study, the yeast extract elicitation on vinblastine and vincristine was studied in various protoplast derived tissues and plantlets. Four different yeast extract treatments (T1 = 0.5 g/l, T2 = 1.0 g/l, T3 = 1.5 g/l and T4 = 2.0 g/l) were prepared and used. The alkaloid was quantified and a comparative account of yield were presented by the use of High performance thin layer chromatography. The yeast extract amendment in medium improved vinblastine and vincristine yield in cultivating tissues, maximum being in germinating embryos and in in vitro raised leaf. The highest yield was in T3 (1.5 mg/l) in which 22.74% vinblastine and 48.49% vincristine enrichment was noted in germinating embryos; the enhancement was however, treatment-specific. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were investigated as addition of yeast extract caused cellular stress and had enriched level of alkaloids.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Abraham, F., Bhatt, A., Keng, C.L., Indrayanto, G., Sulaiman, S.F., 2011. Effect of yeast extract and chitosan on shoot proliferation, morphology and antioxidantactivity of Curcuma mangga in vitro plantlets. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10, 7787–7795.
Aebi, H., 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 105, 121–126.
Amakura, Y., Umino, Y., Tsuji, S., Tongai, Y., 2000. Influence of jam processing on the radical scavengingactivity and phenolic content in berries. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48, 6292–6297.
Boller, T., 1995. Chemoperception of microbial signals in plant cells. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 46, 189–214.
Cai, Z., Kastell, A., Mewis, I., Knorr, D., Smetanska, I., 2012. Polysaccharide elicitors enhance anthocyanin and phenolicacidaccumulation in cell suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 108, 401–409.
Darshanie, P., Rajapakse, Mendis, M.H., Jayawardene, S.D.G., 1991. Establishment of callus culture in Bg-94-1: a commercially cultivated rice in Sri Lanka. J. Nat. Sci. Coun. Sri Lanka 19, 163–170.
De Luca, V., St Pierre, B., 2000. The cell and developmental biology of alkaloid biosynthesis. Trends Plant Sci. 5, 168–173.
Dhindsa, R.H., Plumb-Dhindsa, P., Thorpe, T.A., 1981. Leaf senescence correlated with increased level of membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation and decreased level of SOD and CAT. J. Exp. Bot. 32, 93–101.
Dipti, T., Mujib, A., Maqsood, M., Ali, M., Zafar, N., 2016. Aspergillus flavus fungus elic-itation improves vincristine and vinblastine yield by augmenting callus biomass growth in Catharanthus roseus. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 126, 291–303.
Elmaghrabi, A.M., Ochatt, S., Rogers, HJ., Francis, D., 2013. Enhanced tolerance to salinity following cellularacclimation to increasing NaCl levels in Medicago truncatula. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 114, 61–70.
Feher, A., 2015. Somatic embryogenesis - stress-induced remodeling of plant cell fate. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1849, 385–402.
Foyer, C., Noctor, G., 2005. Oxidant and antioxidant signaling in plants: a reevaluation of the concept of oxidative stress in a physiological context. Plant Cell Environ. 28, 1056–1071.
Foyer, C.H., Halliwell, B., 1976. The presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase in chloroplasts: a proposed role in ascorbicacid metabolism. Planta 133, 21–25.
Gao, F., Ying-hui, Y., Chuan-chao, D., 2011. Effects of endophytic fungal elicitor on two kinds of terpenoids production and physiological indexes in Euphorbia pekinensis suspension cells. J. Med. Plants Res. 5, 4418–4425.
Goodbody, A.E., Endo, T., Vukovic, J., Kutney, J.P., Choi, L.S.L., Misawa, M., 1988. Enzymic coupling of catharanthine and vindoline to form 3α,4α-anhydrovinblastine by horseradish peroxidase. Planta Med. 54, 136–140.
Hassanein, A.A., 2000. Physiological responses induced by shock and gradual salin-ization in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings and the possible roles played by glutathione treatment. Acta. Bot. Hung. 42, 139–159.
Ibrahim, I.A., Abd El Kawi, M., Nower, A., Abdel Motaal, A., Abd El Aal, A., 2009. Alkaloid production and organogenesis from callus of Hyoscyamus muticus L. in vitro. J. App. Sci. Res. 5, 82–92.
Junaid, A., Bhat, M.A., Mujib, A., Sharma, M.P., 2006. Somatic embryo proliferation, maturation and germination in Catharanthus roseus. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 84, 325–332.
Kim, O.T., Bang, K.H., Shin, Y.S., Lee, M.J., Jung, S.J., Hyun, D.Y., Kim, Y.C., Seong, N.S., Cha, S.W., Hwang, B., 2007. Enhanced production of asiaticoside from hairy root cultures of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban elicited by methyl jasmonate. Plant Cell Rep. 26, 1941–1949.
Korsangruang, S., Soonthornchareonnon, N., Chintapakorn, Y., Saralamp, P., Prathanturarug, S., 2010. Effects of abiotic and biotic elicitors on growth and isoflavonoidaccumulation in Pueraria candollei var. candollei and P. candollei var. mirifica cell suspension cultures. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 103, 333–342.
Kuboyama, T., Yokoshima, S., Tokuyama, H., Fukuyama, T., 2004. Stereo controlled total synthesis of (+) vincristine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101, 11966–11970.
Kutney, J.P., 1990. Biosynthesis and synthesis of indole alkaloids in plant cell cultures: a personal overview. Nat. Prod. Rep. 7, 85–103.
Kutney, J.P., Choi, L.S.L., Nakano, J., Tsukamoto, H., Boulet, CA., McHugh, M., 1991. Process of synthesis of vinblastine and vincristine. US Patent 5047528.
Lu, M.B., Wong, H.L., Teng, W.L, 2001. Effects of elicitation on the production of saponin in cell culture of Panax ginseng. Plant Cell Rep. 20, 674–677.
Ma, Q., Ding, Y., Chang, J., Sun, X., Zhang, L., Wei, Q., Cheng, Y., Chen, L., Xu, J., Deng, X., 2014. Comprehensive insights on how 2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid retards senescence in post-harvest citrus fruits using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. J. Exp. Bot. 65, 61–74.
Mahalingam, R., Fedoroff, N., 2003. Stress response, cell death and signalling: the many faces of reactive oxygen species. Physiol. Plant 119, 56–68.
Menke, F.L.H., Parchmann, S., Mueller, M.J., Kijne, J.W., Memelink, J., 1999. Involvement of the octadecanoid pathway and protein phosphorylation in fungal elicitor induced expression of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic genes in Catharanthus roseus. Plant Physiol. 119, 1289–1296.
Mittler, R., 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sci. 7, 405–410.
Mizukam, H.T., Ogawa, H., Ohashi, B., Ellis, E., 1992. Induction of rosmarinicacid biosynthesis in Lithospermum erythrorhizon cell suspension cultures by yeast extract. Plant Cell Rep. 11, 480–483.
Montesano, M., Brander, G., Tapio, P.E., 2003. Pathogen derived elicitors: searching for receptors in plants. Mol. Plant Pathol. 4, 73–79.
Moreno, P.R.H., Van der Heijden, R., Verpoorte, R., 1995. Cell and tissue cultures of Catharanthus roseus: a literature survey II. Updating from 1998 to 1993. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 42, 1–25.
Moreno, P.R.H., (Ph.D thesis) 1995. Influence of stress factors on the secondary metabolism in suspension cultured Catharanthus roseus cells. Leiden University, Leiden.
Mujib, A., Ilah, A., Aslam, J., Fatima, S., Siddiqui, Z.H., Maqsood, M., 2012. Catharanthus roseus alkaloids: application of biotechnology for improving yield. Plant Growth Reg. 68, 111–127.
Mukherjee, A.K., Basu, S., Sarkar, N., Ghosh, A.C., 2001. Advances in cancer therapy with plant based natural products. Curr. Med. Chem. 8, 1467–1486.
Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant 15, 473–497.
Murthy, H.N., Lee, E.J., Paek, K.Y., 2014. Production of secondary metabolites from cell and organ cultures: strategies and approaches for biomass improvement and metaboliteaccumulation. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 118, 1–16.
Mustafa, N.R., Kim, H.K., Choi, Y.H., Erkelens, C., Lefeber, A.W., Spijksma, G., Van der Heijden, R., Verpoorte, R., 2009. Biosynthesis of salicylicacid in fungus elicited Catharanthus roseus cells. Phytochemistry 70, 532–539.
Naz, R., Anis, M., Aref, M.I., 2015. Management of cytokinin-auxin interactions for in vitro shoot proliferation of Althaea officinalis L.: a valuable medicinal plant. Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei. 26, 323–334.
Nakano, Y., Asada, K., 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol. 22, 867–880.
Neurnberger, T., 1999. Signal perception in plant pathogen defense. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 55, 167–182.
Ogata, A., Tsuruga, A., Matsunob, M., Mizukami, H., 2004. Elicitor-induced rosmarinicacid biosynthesis in Lithospermum erythrorhizon cell suspension cultures:activities of rosmarinicacid synthase and the final two cytochrome P450-catalyzed hydroxylations. Plant Biotechnol. 2, 393–396.
Ozgur, C., Sule, A., 2009. Defensive and secondary metabolism in Astragalus chrysochlorus cell cultures in response to yeast extract stressor. J. Environ. Biol. 30, 51–55.
Pauw, B., Duijn, B., Kijne.J.W., Memelink, J., 2004. Activation ofthe oxidative burst by yeast elicitor in Catharanthus roseus cells occurs independently of theactivation of genes involved in alkaloid biosynthesis. Plant Mol. Biol. 55, 797–805.
Pazmino, D.M., Romero-Puertas, M.C., Sandalio, L.M., 2012. Insights into the differential response of wound and leaves to herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenooxyaceticacid in pea plants: role of reactive oxygen species. Plant Signal. Behav. 7, 425–427.
Prakash, G., Srivastava, A.K., 2008. Statistical elicitor optimization studies for the enhancement of azadirachtin production in bioreactor Azadirachta indica cell cultivation. Biochem. Eng. J. 40, 218–226.
Putalun, W., Luealon, W., De-Eknamkul, W., Tanaka, H., Shoyama, Y., 2007. Improvement of artemisinin production by chitosan in hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua. Biotechnol. Lett. 29, 1143–1146.
Qiong, Y., Ming, S., Janet, N., Jian, Y.W., 2006. Elicitor-induced rosmarinicacidaccumulation and secondary metabolism enzymeactivities in Salvia miitiorrhiza hairy roots. Plant Sci. 170, 853–858.
Radman, R., Saez, T., Bucke, C., Keshavarz, T., 2003. Elicitation of plants and microbial cell systems. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 37, 91–102.
Ren, A.Z., Gao, Y.B., Liu, S., 2002. Response of some protective enzymes in Brassica chinensis seedling to Pb++, Cd+ and Cr stress. Chin. J. Appl. Ecol. 13, 510–512.
Rhee, H.S., Cho, H.Y., Son, S.Y., Yoon, S.Y.H., Park, J.M., 2010. Enhancedaccumulation of decursin and decursinol angelate in root cultures and intact roots of Angelica gigas Nakai following elicitation. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 101, 295–302.
Samar, F., Mujib, A., Dipti, T., 2015. NaCl amendment improves vinblastine and vincristine synthesis in Catharanthus roseus: a case of stress signalling as evidenced by antioxidant enzymesactivities. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 121, 445–458.
Sanchez-Sampedro, M.A., Fernandez-Tarrago, J., Corchete, P., 2005. Yeast extract and methyl jasmonate-induced Silymarin production in cell cultures of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. J. Biotechnol. 119, 60–69.
Schmeller, T., Wink, M., 1998. Utilization of alkaloids in modern medicine. In: Roberts, M.F., Wink, M. (Eds.), Alkaloids, Biochemistry, Ecology and Medicinal Applications. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 435–459.
Smith, J.I., Amouzou, E., Yamaguchi, A., 2003. Peroxidase from bioreactor cultivated Catharanthus roseus cell cultures mediates biosynthesis of α-3’,4’-anhydrovinblastine. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 10, 568–575.
Szabo, E., Thelen, A., Petersen, M., 1999. Fungal elicitor preparations and methyl jasmonate enhance rosmarinicacidaccumulation in suspension cultures of Coleus blumei. Plant Cell Rep. 18, 485–489.
Tanabe, S., Hayashi, N., Nishizawa, Y., Yamane, H., Shibuya, N., Minami, E., 2008. Elicitor and calatalseactivity of conidia suspensions of various strains of Magnaporthe grisea in suspension-cultured cells of rice. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 72, 889–892.
Teixeira da Silva, J.A., Dobranszki, J., 2016. Tissue culture of Muscari species: presentachievements and future perspectives. Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei. 27, 427–441.
Valluri, J.V., 2009. Bioreactor production of secondary metabolites from cell cultures of periwinkle and sandalwood. Methods Mol. Biol. 54, 325–335.
Van Der Heijden, R., Jacobs, D.I., Snoeijer, W., Hallared, D., Verpoorte, R., 2004. The Catharanthus alkaloids: pharmacognosy and biotechnology. Curr. Med. Chem. 11, 607–628.
Veerashree, V., Anuradha, CM., Kumar, V., 2012. Elicitor-enhanced production of gymnemicacid in cell suspension cultures of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 108, 27–35.
Verpoorte, R., Contin, A., Memelink, J., 2002. Biotechnology for the production of plant secondary metabolites. Phytochem. Rev. 1, 13–25.
Yoon, J.H., Kim, K.H., Ma, J.C., Huh, H., 2000. Inducedaccumulation of triterpenoids in Scutellaria baicalensis suspension cultures using a yeast elicitor. Biotechnol. Lett. 22, 1071–1075.
Zarate, R., Verpoorte, R., 2007. Strategies for the genetic modification of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Phytochem. Rev. 6, 475–491.
Zhao, J., Zhou, L., Wu, J., 2010. Effects of biotic and abiotic elicitors on cell growth and tanshinoneaccumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza cell cultures. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 87, 137–144.
Zhao, J., Zheng, B., Li, Y., Shan, T., Mou, Y., Lu, S., Li, P., Zhou, L., 2011. Enhancement of Diepoxin ζ production by yeast extract and its fractions in liquid culture of Berkleasmium-like endophytic fungus Dzf12 from Dioscorea zingiberensis. Molecules 16, 847–856.
Zubek, S., Mielcarek, S., Turnau, K, 2012. Hypericin and pseudohypericin concentrations of a valuable medicinal plant Hypericum perforatum L. are enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza 22, 149–156.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Authorship
The first author conceived the idea and performed most of the experiments and the second author edited the manuscript.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Maqsood, M., Abdul, M. Yeast extract elicitation increases vinblastine and vincristine yield in protoplast derived tissues and plantlets in Catharanthus roseus. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 27, 549–556 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2017.05.008
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2017.05.008