Abstract
The copaiba oleoresin, Copaifera multijuga Hayne. Fabaceae. is a phyrotherapeutic agent with antimicrobial activity. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of, and tooth color changes caused by four copaiba oil emulsions (Emulsion 1. 10% CM; Emulsion 2, 0% C multijuga +1% biotech product; Emulsion 3,30% C. multijuga; and Emulsion 4.30% C multijuga +1% biotech product). The antibacterial activities against microorganisms causing dental caries (Streptococcus mutans ATCC25175. S. oralis ATCC10557. S. salivarius ATCC7073, and Lactobacillus casei ATCC 7469) were tested using three parameters; minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and cell viability by fluorescence microscopy. The emulsions were assessed for cytotoxicity by means of the hemolytic assay and cell culture (murine fibroblast cells NH13T3) using Alamar Blue™. The dentin color change caused by the emulsions was examined at 10s. 30s. and l0min. The emulsions showed antibacterial activity against the microorganisms tested with an MIC of 125 μl/ml. The minimum bactericidal concentration was higher than minimum inhibitory concentration for the tested microorganism and the fluorescence confirmed that the cells were viable at minimum inhibitory concentration values. The emulsions had a hemolytic activity of 71.16% (Emulsion 3) and 44.67% (Emulsion 4) at a concentration of 30 μ/ml. In cell culture assay. NH1-3T3 cells treated with the emulsions showed 6-16% viability. Emulsion 1 caused clinically imperceptible color change in dentin at 10s (δE= 3.21), Emulsion 2 at 30 s(δE=2.70) and l0min (δE= 3.08), and Emulsion 4 at 10 min (δE= 3.03). Emulsion 3 caused color change at all times tested. This research documented positive data regarding antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and tooth color changes when using copaiba oleoresin emulsions, showing its potential for use in dentistry.
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported by CNPq. Project MCT/CNPq/CT-Amazon (Process N° 575752/2008-4 and Process N° 406457/2013-1).
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CNCDB, FCS, CT, and NCOC contributed to the development of the experimental phase for the emulsion formulations and antibacterial activity. VVJ contributed to the chemical analysis of the raw material. MCV and GSB contributed to the cytotoxicity assay. MFCLB coordinated the progress of all experimental phases and data analysis. CNCDB, LGM, and GNV drafted the article. All the authors have read the final manuscript and approved the submission.
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De Baria, C.C., Sampaio, F., Conde, N. et al. Amazon emulsions as cavity cleansers: antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and changes in human tooth color. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 26, 497–501 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.03.010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.03.010