Abstract
The effect of sodium sulfate on direct reduction of beach titanomagnetite, followed by magnetic separation, to separate iron and titanium was investigated. Direct reduced iron (DRI) with a high Fe content, low TiO2 content and low iron recovery was obtained after adding sodium sulfate. When the sodium sulfate dosage was increased from 0 to 10 mass%, the Fe content of the DRI increased from 90.00 mass% to 93.55 mass% and the TiO2 content decreased from 1.27 mass% to 0.70 mass%. The reduction mechanism of sodium sulfate was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Results revealed that the metallic iron grains in the reduced ore with sodium sulfate were larger than those in the ore without sodium sulfate. Sodium sulfate promoted the migration of iron as well as the accumulation and growth of metallic iron grains by low-melting-point carnegieite and troilite formed in the redox system. Low-melting-point carnegieite decreased the melting point of the system and then promoted liquefaction. Troilite could decrease the surface tension and melting point of metallic iron grains.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P. A. Rona, Science 299 (2003) 673–674.
G. D. Liu, Nonferrous Metals (Mining Section) (1991) No. 1, 6–11.
M. Zhang, Mining and Metallurgical Engineering 34 (2014) No. 1, 54–56.
J. H. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. T. Yang, M. Xu, Metal Mine (2012) No. 2, 77–81.
J. Chen, P. Zhou, Y. X. Jiang, G. D. Xu, W. Tan, Mining and Metallurgy 22 (2013) No. 1, 22–25.
L. J. Sun, X. J. Lv, P. Chen, F. F. Du, J. Wang, Mining Research and Development 30 (2010) No. 2, 62–65.
M. S. Jena, H. K. Tripathy, J. K. Mohanty, J. N. Mohanty, S. K. Das, P. S. R. Reddy, Separ. Sci. Technol. 50 (2015) 1221–1229.
S. Samanta, M. C. Goswami, T. K. Baidya, S. Mukherjee, R. Dey, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. 20 (2013) 917–924.
B. H. Gao, H. J. Wang, Y. Qu, L. Li, Mining and Metallurgical Engineering 32 (2012) No. 5, 44–46.
E. X. Gao, T. C. Sun, C. Y. Xu, Z. G. Liu, Z. Z. Liu, C. X. Yu, Metal Mine (2013) No. 11, 46–48.
C. X. Yu, T. C. Sun, C. Y. Xu, E. X. Gao, Z. G. Liu, Z. Z. Liu, Mining and Metallurgical Engineering 34 (2014) No. 5, 93–96.
M. Jiang, T. C. Sun, Z. G. Liu, J. Kou, N. Liu, S. Y. Zhang, Int. J. Miner. Process. 123 (2013) 32–38.
G. H. Li, T. M. Shi, M. J. Rao, T. Jiang, Y. B. Zhang, Miner. Eng. 32 (2012) 19–26.
M. D. Liu, T. Jiang, G. H. Li, Y. Liu, Z. Z. Liu, Chin. J. Nonferrous Met. 24 (2014) 2129–2136.
T. J. Chun, D. Q. Zhu, J. Pan, Z. He, Can. Met. Quart 53 (2014) 183–189.
T. Hu, X. W. Lv, C. G. Bai, Z. G. Lun, G. B. Qiu, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 44 (2013) 252–260.
S. L. Liu, C. G. Bai, T. Hu, X. W. Lv, G. B. Qiu, Journal of Chongqing University 34 (2011) No. 1, 60–65.
E. Park, O. Ostrovski, ISIJ Int. 44 (2004) 74–81.
S. Y. Chen, J. Tang, M. S. Chu, P. H. Guo, Y. T. Han, Chin. J. Process Eng. 13 (2013) 236–240.
E. Park, O. Ostrovski, ISIJ Int. 44 (2004) 999–1005.
E. Park, O. Ostrovski, ISIJ Int. 43 (2003) 1316–1325.
D. S. Chen, B. Song, L. N. Wang, T. Qi, Y. Wang, W. J. Wang, Miner. Eng. 24 (2011) 864–869.
H. Y. Sun, J. S. Wang, Y. H. Han, X. F. She, Q. G. Xue, Int. J. Miner. Process. 125 (2013) 122–128.
Y. M. Wang, Z. F. Yuan, Int. J. Miner. Process. 81 (2006) 133–140.
H. Y. Sun, X. J. Dong, X. F. She, Q. G. Xue, J. S. Wang, ISIJ Int. 53 (2013) 564–569.
T. C. Sun, M. Jiang, Z. G. Liu, N. Liu, S. Y. Zhang, J. Kou, C. Y. Xu, Journal of China University of Mining & Technology 42 (2013) 838–844.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation Item: Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51474018)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gao, Ex., Sun, Tc., Liu, Zg. et al. Effect of sodium sulfate on direct reduction of beach titanomagnetite for separation of iron and titanium. J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 23, 428–433 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(16)30068-1
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(16)30068-1