Abstract
A mathematical model was proposed to optimize byproduct gas system and reduce the total cost. The scope and boundaries of the system were also discussed at the same time. Boilers and gasholders were buffer users to solve the fluctuation of byproduct gases. The priority of gasholders should be ranked the last. The allocation of surplus gases among gasholders and boilers was also discussed to make full use of gases and realize zero emission targets. Case study shows that the proposed model made good use of byproduct gases and at least 7.8% operation cost was reduced, compared with real data in iron and steel industry.
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Abbreviations
- b:
-
The number of boilers (b = 1, 2, ⋯, B)
- k:
-
The number of gas holders (k = 1, 2, ⋯, K )
- m:
-
The number of mixed gas users (m = 1, 2, ⋯, Um)
- s:
-
The number of single gas users (s = 1, 2, ⋯, Us)
- t:
-
Period (t =1, 2, ⋯, P)
- HG:
-
Heat value of gas G, kJ/m3
- \(H_i^{\min }\) :
-
Minimum heat value demand of user i, kJ/m3
- \(H_i^{\max }\) :
-
Maximum heat value demand of user i, kJ/m3
- \(Q_i^{\min }\) :
-
Minimum heat demand of user i, kJ
- \(Q_i^{\max }\) :
-
Maximum heat demand of user i, kJ
- \(V_H^G\) :
-
Upper bound of byproduct gas G in gasholder, m3
- \(V_L^G\) :
-
Lower bound of byproduct gas G in gasholder, m3
- \(V_{{\text{HH}}}^G\) :
-
Maximum amount of byproduct gas G in gasholder,m3
- \(V_{{\text{LL}}}^G\) :
-
Minimum amount of byproduct gas G in gasholder, m3
- \(V_{{\text{max}}}^G\) :
-
Maximum volume of gasholder, m3
- \(V_{s,t}^{G,\min }\) :
-
Minimum flow rate of byproduct gas G supplied to single gas user at time t, m3
- \(V_{s,t}^{G,\max }\) :
-
Maximum flow rate of byproduct gas G supplied to single gas user at time t, m3
- \(\Delta V_{s,t}^{G,\max }\) :
-
Maximum difference between real and normal amount of gas G supplied to user s, m3
- \(\Delta V_{i,t}^{G,\max }\) :
-
Maximum difference between real and normal amount of gas G supplied to user i, m3
- \(V_{{\text{gen}},t}^G\) :
-
Amount of byproduct gas G generated at time t, m3
- \(V_{b,t}^{G,e}\) :
-
Normal amount of byproduct gas G supplied to boiler b at time t, m3
- \(V_s^{G,e}\) :
-
Normal amount of byproduct gas G needed by user s at time t, m3
- \(V_m^{G,{\text{e}}}\) :
-
Normal amount of byproduct gas G needed by user m at time t, m3
- \(V_i^{G,{\text{e}}}\) :
-
Normal amount of byproduct gas G needed by user i at time t, m3
- \(\Delta W_s^G\) :
-
Penalty for gas G deviation from normal amount in user s, RMB/m3
- \(\Delta W_m^G\) :
-
Penalty for gas G deviation from normal amount in user m, RMB/m3
- \(W_b^G\) :
-
Penalty for gas G deviation from normal amount in user b, RMB/m3
- \(W_{\text{E}}^G\) :
-
Penalty for byproduct gas G emission, RMB/m3
- \(W_{\text{H}}^G\) :
-
Penalty for gasholder working at high level, RMB/m3
- \(W_{\text{L}}^G\) :
-
Penalty for gasholder working at low level, RMB/m3
- \(\upsilon _{b,t}^G\) :
-
Amount of byproduct gas G supplied to boiler b at time t, m3
- \(\upsilon _{h,t}^G\) :
-
Amount of byproduct gas stored in G gasholder at time t, m3
- \(\upsilon _{s,t}^G\) :
-
Amount of gas G used in single gas user s at time tt, m3
- \(\upsilon _{m,t}^G\) :
-
Amount of byproduct gas G consumed in user m at time t, m3
- \(\upsilon _{i,t}^G\) :
-
Amount of byproduct gas G consumed in user i at time t, m3
- \(\Delta \upsilon _{E,t}^G\) :
-
Amount of byproduct gas G emitted at time t, m3
- \(\Delta \upsilon _{H,t}^G\) :
-
Deviation amount of byproduct gas above upper bound of G gasholder, m3
- \(\Delta \upsilon _{L,t}^G\) :
-
Deviation amount of byproduct gas below lower bound of G gasholder, m3
- \(\Delta \upsilon _{s,t}^{G, + }\) :
-
Deviation above normal amount of gas G supplied to user s, m3
- \(\Delta \upsilon _{s,t}^{G, - }\) :
-
Deviation below normal amount of gas G supplied to user s, m3
- \(\Delta \upsilon _{i,t}^{G,e + }\) :
-
Deviation above normal amount of gas G supplied to user i, m3
- \(\Delta \upsilon _{i,t}^{G,e - }\) :
-
Deviation below normal amount of gas G supplied to user i, m3
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Foundation Item: Item Sponsored by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (N140203002)
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Yang, Jh., Cai, Jj., Sun, Wq. et al. Optimization and scheduling of byproduct gas system in steel plant. J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 22, 408–413 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(15)30020-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(15)30020-0