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Does implementation of a diagnostic pathway for acute aortic syndrome including D-dimer increase the usage of D-dimer and computed tomography?

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Abstract

Introduction

The Canadian clinical practice guidelines propose a novel diagnostic pathway incorporating a clinical decision tool and D-dimer to aid in risk stratifying patients for acute aortic syndrome. The objective of this study was to assess if implementation of a diagnostic pathway incorporating D-dimer would increase the usage of D-dimer and computed tomography (CT) in a tertiary care emergency department.

Methods

Prospective single centre before and after study-recruiting patients over a 6-week period from a tertiary care emergency department. Intervention: multi model implementation of a diagnostic pathway for acute aortic syndrome incorporating D-dimer. Outcome: proportion of patients receiving D-dimer testing/CT in the 2 weeks before and after implementation.

Results

We included 982 patients (Female 55%, Age mean 51.9, N = 492 pre intervention and N = 490 post intervention). The proportion that received a D-dimer test increased from 6.9 to 10.4% (p < 0.051), while the number of CT aortas remained stable (0.6% vs. 0.6%; p = 0.60). Documentation of pretest probability assessment increased from 1 to 3%, (p < 0.009) following the intervention. In the post intervention cohort, the tool was applied correctly in all cases (N = 17).

Conclusion

This single centre study found that a diagnostic pathway for acute aortic syndrome including D-dimer could be implemented without a significant increase in test ordering during this first 2 weeks after implementation. This study adds to the argument for use of D-dimer to help risk stratify patients for the diagnosis of acute aortic syndrome. Future studies are needed to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of this pathway and the long-term impact on resource utilization.

Résumé

Introduction

Les guides de pratique clinique canadiens proposent une nouvelle voie de diagnostic intégrant un outil de décision clinique et du D-dimère pour aider à stratifier le risque chez les patients atteints du syndrome aortique aigu. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer si la mise en place d’une voie diagnostique intégrant le dimère-D augmenterait l’utilisation du dimère-D et de la tomodensitométrie (TDM) dans un service d’urgence de soins tertiaires.

Méthodes

Centre unique prospectif avant et après l'étude - recrutement de patients sur une période de 6 semaines à partir d'un service d'urgence de soins tertiaires. Intervention : mise en œuvre multi-modèle d’une voie diagnostique pour le syndrome aortique aigu intégrant le D-dimère. Résultat : Proportion de patients ayant subi un test des D-dimères/TDM dans les deux semaines précédant et suivant la mise en œuvre.

Résultats

Nous avons inclus 982 patients (femmes 55 %, âge moyen 51,9, N = 492 avant l’intervention et N = 490 après l’intervention). La proportion de personnes ayant reçu un test D-dimère est passée de 6,9 % à 10,4 % (p < 0,051), tandis que le nombre d’aortes CT est demeuré stable (0,6 % contre 0,6 %; p = 0,60). La documentation de l'évaluation de la probabilité avant le test est passée de 1 % à 3 % (p<0,009) après l'intervention. Dans la cohorte post-intervention, l'outil a été appliqué correctement dans tous les cas (n = 17).

Conclusion

Cette étude menée auprès d’un seul centre a révélé qu’une voie diagnostique pour le syndrome aortique aigu, y compris le D-dimère, pourrait être mise en œuvre sans qu’il y ait une augmentation significative de l’ordre des tests au cours des deux premières semaines suivant la mise en œuvre. Cette étude renforce l'argument en faveur de l'utilisation du D-dimère pour aider à stratifier les risques des patients pour le diagnostic du syndrome aortique aigu. De futures études sont nécessaires pour confirmer la précision du diagnostic de cette voie et l'impact à long terme sur l'utilisation des ressources.

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Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

RO was responsible for study design, analysis and manuscript preparation. NF, OM, AR and OB were responsible for data extraction. CD was responsible for manuscript editing, formatting and co-writing. RO acts as guarantor for accuracy and integrity of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Robert Ohle.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Ohle, R., Fortino, N., McIsaac, S. et al. Does implementation of a diagnostic pathway for acute aortic syndrome including D-dimer increase the usage of D-dimer and computed tomography?. Can J Emerg Med 23, 494–499 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43678-021-00096-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43678-021-00096-w

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