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Continuous artificial light potentially disrupts central and peripheral reproductive clocks leading to altered uterine physiology and reduced pregnancy success in albino mice

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Abstract

Aims

The mechanism behind clock coordination in female reproductive disorders is poorly understood despite the known importance of coordinated and synchronized timing of central and clocks in reproductive organs. We investigated the effect of continuous artificial light (LL) on the central and peripheral reproductive clock gene (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2 and Cry1) and its downstream regulators (Hgf, PR-A and HOXA10) during non-pregnancy and pregnancy phases of female mice.

Main methods

Mice (n = 60) in two sets, were maintained under continuous light (LL) and natural day cycle (LD;12L: 12D) for both non-pregnant and pregnant study. Tissues from hypothalamus-containing SCN, ovary, uterus and serum were collected at different zeitgeber time points (ZT; at 4-h intervals across 24-h periods).

Key findings

LL exposure desynchronized the expressions of the clock mRNAs (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2 and Cry1) in SCN, ovary, and uterus along with Hgf mRNA rhythm. LL significantly increased the thickness of endometrial tissues. Furthermore, the pregnant study revealed lower serum progesterone level during peri- and post-implantation under LL along with downregulated expression of progesterone receptor (PR) as well as progesterone dependent uterine Homeobox A-10 (Hoxa10) proteins with lowered pregnancy outcomes.

Significance

Our result suggests that LL disrupted the circadian coordination between central and clock genes in reproductive tissue leading to interrupted uterine physiology and altered pregnancy in mice. This led us to propose that duration of light exposure at work-places or home for females is very important in prevention of pregnancy anomalies.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank UGC-Non-NET fellowship (UGC-RESEARCH-FELLOW2017-18/41147) and ICMR-SRF fellowship (Award No RBMH/FW/2019/6) to Ms. Megha Das, ICMR adhoc project (P-14/267) research grant to Dr. S. K Yadav, Centre for Advance Studies (CAS) facilities to Department of Zoology and Institute of Life Science (ISLS) for permission to use Real-Time PCR facility and Nanodrop Facility.

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  1. Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India

    Megha Das, Tarun Minocha, Sanjeev Kumar Yadav & Chandana Haldar

  2. Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India

    Dhanananajay Kumar

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Das, M., Minocha, T., Kumar, D. et al. Continuous artificial light potentially disrupts central and peripheral reproductive clocks leading to altered uterine physiology and reduced pregnancy success in albino mice. Photochem Photobiol Sci 21, 1217–1232 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-022-00210-6

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