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Protection against UVB deleterious skin effects in a mouse model: effect of a topical emulsion containing Cordia verbenacea extract

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Abstract

Cordia verbenacea DC (Boraginaceae) is a flowering shrub found along the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Brazilian coast, and low areas of the Amazon. The crude extract of its leaves is widely used in Brazilian folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, both topically and orally. The aim of this study is to evaluate the activity of C. verbenacea ethanolic leaves extract (CVE) against UVB-triggered cutaneous inflammation and oxidative damage in hairless mice. CVE treatment recovered cutaneous antioxidant capacity demonstrated by scavenging ABTS+ free radical and iron-reducing antioxidant potential evaluated by FRAP. CVE also controlled the following UV-triggered events in the skin: reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion, catalase activity decrease, and superoxide anion (O⋅–) build-up. Furthermore, mice treated with CVE exhibited less inflammation, shown by the reduction in COX-2 expression, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, edema, and neutrophil infiltration. CVE also regulated epidermal thickening and sunburn cells, reduced dermal mast cells, and preserved collagen integrity. The best results were obtained using 5% CVE-added emulsion. The present data demonstrate that topical administration of CVE presents photochemoprotective activity in a mouse model of UVB inflammation and oxidative stress. Because of the intricate network linking inflammation, oxidative stress, and skin cancer, these results also indicate the importance of further studies elucidating a possible role of C. verbenacea in the prevention of UVB-induced skin cancer and evaluating a potential synergy between CVE and sunscreens in topical products against UVB damaging effects to the skin.

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Availability of data and materials

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [RC], upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the laboratories CMLP-UEL, LPG-UEL, and CEPPOS-UEL for access to core facilities.

Funding

This work was supported by CNPq (Brazil) [Grant number 307186, 2017-2 and 307852, 2019-9]; CAPES (Brazil) [Grant number 001]; PRONEX grant supported by SETI/Fundação Araucária and MCTI/CNPq, and Governo do Estado do Paraná (PR, Brazil) [Grant number 2, protocol 46843, 2016] and PBA Grant supported by SETI/Fundação Araucária (PR, Brazil) [Grant number PBA 014, protocol 47396, 2017].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, State University of Londrina-UEL, University Hospital, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Vila Operária, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86039-440, Brazil

    Cristina P. B. Melo, Priscila Saito, David L. Vale, Camilla C. A. Rodrigues, Ingrid C. Pinto, Renata M. Martinez, Julia R. Bezerra, Marcela M. Baracat, Sandra R. Georgetti & Rubia Casagrande

  2. Pathological Sciences Department, State University of Londrina-UEL, Km 380 Celso Garcia Cid Hwy (PR-445), P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil

    Waldiceu A. Verri Jr.

  3. Quality Control Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil

    Yris Maria Fonseca-Bazzo

Authors
  1. Cristina P. B. Melo
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  2. Priscila Saito
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  3. David L. Vale
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  4. Camilla C. A. Rodrigues
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  9. Waldiceu A. Verri Jr.
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Contributions

CPBM; PS; DV; CCAR; ICP; and JRB: performing of experiments and data acquisition. CPBM; SG; and RC: organization of the database. CPBM; WAV; SG; and RC: data analysis, data interpretation, and writing of the original draft. RMM; YMF-B; SG; MMB; and RC: methodology development and validation. WAV; SG; YMF-B; and RC: study conceptualization and design. SG and RC: project management. WAV; SG; YMF-B; MMB; and RC: funding acquisition. All authors contributed to the manuscript’s revision, read, and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rubia Casagrande.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Ethics approval

The institution commission on animal welfare, named “Animal Ethics Committee of the Londrina State University” (CEUA-UEL), approved this project under document no 030/201/ process no 1818.2015.2400.

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All authors agree with the publication of this manuscript.

Glossary

ABTS+

2,2 -Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)

CAT

Catalase

COX

Cicloxigenase

CVE

Cordia verbenacea ethanolic leaves extract

DTNB

5,5′-Dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)

ELISA

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

FRAP

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

GSH

Reduced glutathione

HaCaT

Aneuploid immortal keratinocyte cell

HTAB

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide

IL

Interleukin

LT

Leukotriene

MCF-7

Breast cancer cell line

MMP

Matrix metalloproteinase

MPO

Myeloperoxidase

NBT

Nitroblue tetrazolium

NMSC

Non-melanoma skin cancer

–·OH

Hydroxyl free radical

O2 ·−

Superoxide anion

qPCR

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction

ROS

Reactive oxygen species

SDS-PAGE

Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SEM

Standard error mean

TPTZ

2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine

TNF-α

Tumor necrosis factor-a

UV

Ultraviolet

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Melo, C.P.B., Saito, P., Vale, D.L. et al. Protection against UVB deleterious skin effects in a mouse model: effect of a topical emulsion containing Cordia verbenacea extract. Photochem Photobiol Sci 20, 1033–1051 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-021-00079-x

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