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Biopsychosocial Approach in Identifying Risk Factors of Kinesiophobia in Persons with Subacromial Pain Syndrome and Developing a Clinical Prediction Tool

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Abstract

Introduction

Although the negative effects of kinesiophobia on functional status in subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS) patients are clearly demonstrated, no study examines the risk factors of kinesiophobia in individuals with SAPS from a biopsychosocial perspective. The present study aims to determine the risk factors of kinesiophobia in individuals with SAPS using a biopsychosocial approach. This study also aims to explore the compounding effects of multiple associative risk factors by developing a clinical prediction tool to identify SAPS patients at higher risk for kinesiophobia.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study included 549 patients who were diagnosed with SAPS. The Tampa-Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) was used to assess kinesiophobia. Visual analog scale (VAS), The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, the presence of metabolic syndrome, using any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Illness Perception Questionnaire-revised (IPQ-R), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), behavioral pattern of the patient, sociodemographic characteristics, and treatment expectancy were outcome measures.

Results

Thirteen significant risk factors of having kinesiophobia were: VASat rest (≥ 5.2), VASduring activity (≥ 7.1), DASH (≥ 72.1), presence of metabolic syndrome, PCShelplessness (≥ 16.1), IPQ-Rpersonal control (≤ 17.1), IPQ-Rtreatment control (≤ 16.3), HADSdepression (≥ 7.9), avoidance behavior type, being female, educational level (≤ high school), average hours of sleep (≤ 6.8), and treatment expectancy (≤ 6.6). The presence of seven or more risk factors increased the probability of having high level of kinesiophobia from 34.3 to 51%.

Conclusions

It seems necessary to address these factors, increase awareness of health practitioners and individuals.

Level of evidence

Level IV.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all participants and colleagues involved in the study.

Funding

The study was funded by the research team.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey

    Caner Karartı, Muhammed İhsan Kodak & Anıl Özüdoğru

  2. Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey

    Hakkı Çağdaş Basat

  3. Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey

    İsmail Özsoy & Gülşah Özsoy

  4. Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Fatih Özyurt

  5. Department of Anatomy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

    İlyas Uçar

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  1. Caner Karartı
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Correspondence to Caner Karartı.

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Karartı, C., Basat, H.Ç., Özsoy, İ. et al. Biopsychosocial Approach in Identifying Risk Factors of Kinesiophobia in Persons with Subacromial Pain Syndrome and Developing a Clinical Prediction Tool. JOIO 57, 124–136 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-022-00781-7

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  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-022-00781-7

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