Abstract
The oral effect of Tridax procumbens L., Asteraceae, methanolic extract and (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol (an oxylipin) alone or in combination with Allium sativum L., Amaryllidaceae, aqueous extract over the course of infection in BALB/c mice infected by Leishmania mexicana was evaluated. First, the effective dose of the extracts and the oxylipin in terms of reduction of the ulcer size was determined. Then, the effect of combinations of A. sativum with either T. procumbens or oxylipin over the lesion size, parasite load, and interferon gamma expression in situ was evaluated. The administration of 40 mg/kg/day of T. procumbens significantly reduced ulcer size (p = 0.0045) in comparison to the control group at the end of the administration. Treatment with oxylipin at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg/day led to re-epithelization of the tissue in at least one mouse 2 weeks post-treatment. Treatment with A. sativum had no effect on lesion reduction at any doses. The combinations of Tridax-Allium and oxylipin-Allium tended to control parasite load at levels comparable to the treatment with glucantime. Animals treated with the oxylipin-Allium mix had fewer extracellular amastigotes and infected macrophages than the untreated mice. Treatment with T. procumbens induced the expression of interferon gamma in situ. Our results suggest the potential of the methanolic extract of T. procumbens and the oxylipin alone or in combination with A. sativum as alternative treatments of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Acknowledgements
Luis W. Torres-Tapia is acknowledged for his technical assistance in obtaining the T. procumbens and A. sativum extracts.
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This work was supported by a grant from the National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico (PDCPN 2015/88).
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LFL contributed to the data collection, statistical analysis, and manuscript preparation. BMVK contributed to the study design and obtention of the extracts. MRGL contributed to the study design and obtaining the extracts. SRPS contributed to the study design, obtained funding, and managed the project. JLGC contributed to the collection and interpretation of histological data. KBLA supervised the experiments and contributed to the collection of data. EISB contributed to the study design and supervised the experiments with the animals. ENLC contributed to the study design, statistical analysis, and manuscript preparation. All of the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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The animals were handled according to the Mexican law for the use of laboratory animals, NOM-062-ZOO-1999, Secretariat of Agriculture and Rural Development (Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural). The protocol for the animal experiments was approved with the ID: CEI-003–2018 by the Ethics Research Committee of the Regional Research Center Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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Ferrer-Lino, L., Vera-Ku, B.M., Gamboa-León, M.R. et al. Oral Effect of Tridax procumbens, Allium sativum, and (3S)-16,17-Didehydrofalcarinol in a Murine Model of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 32, 805–811 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-022-00314-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-022-00314-1