Abstract
Cancer is a major global health issue and one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. In recent years, cancer mortality and morbidity rates have risen dramatically due to variety of factors. Despite therapeutic alternatives, chemotherapy medications have major adverse effects and many kinds of drug resistance that severely diminish their effectiveness. Galangin, 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone, is considered as the bioactive constituent of galangal and honey. In general, galangin exhibits several pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral activities. The anticancer effects of galangin are mostly due to its abilities to inhibit cell cycle progression, inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (Akt), or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity leading to apoptotic cell death by stimulating caspase-9/8/3 and inhibiting tumor invasion and metastasis by decreasing the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9). These molecular pathways of galangin are involved in suppressing different malignancies, such as lung cancer, hepatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, retinoblastoma, and osteosarcoma. The present work is emphasized on the anticancer mechanisms of galangin.
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The authors are grateful to Dr. Rogelio Pereda-Miranda (Universidade Nacional Autónoma do México), editor-in-chief of the Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, for his suggestions to improve the review quality.
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DS and RS conceived and designed the review. DS, RS, AS, and RA collected and analyzed literature information. DS and RA wrote the manuscript. All authors have read the final manuscript and approved its submission.
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Singh, D., Saini, A., Singh, R. et al. Galangin, as a Potential Anticancer Agent. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 32, 331–343 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-022-00238-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-022-00238-w