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Relationship between thyroid hormones and central nervous system metabolism in physiological and pathological conditions

  • Special Issue: Review
  • Energy metabolism in the physiology and pathology of the central nervous system
  • Published:
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Abstract

Thyroid hormones (THs) play an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism. They also take part in processes associated with the central nervous system (CNS), including survival and differentiation of neurons and energy expenditure. It has been reported that a correlation exists between the functioning of the thyroid gland and the symptoms of CNS such as cognitive impairment, depression, and dementia. Literature data also indicate the influence of THs on the pathogenesis of CNS diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, depression, and Parkinson’s disease. This review describes the relationship between THs and metabolism in the CNS, the effect of THs on the pathological conditions of the CNS, and novel options for treating these conditions with TH derivatives.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

Anterior cingulate cortex

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

anti-TPO:

Antithyroid peroxidase antibodies

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

CNS:

Central nervous system

GH:

Growth hormone

GD:

Grave’s disease

HE:

Hashimoto encephalopathy

IGF:

Insulin-like growth factor

LAT:

L-type amino acid transporters

MCT8:

Monocarboxylate-8 transporters

ml/Cr:

Myoinositol/creatine

MS:

Multiple sclerosis

mTOR:

Mechanistic target of rapamycin

NAA/Cr:

N-Acetyl-aspartate/creatine

OATP1C1:

Organic anion transporter1 C1

PCG:

Posterior cingulate gyrus

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

TH:

Thyroid hormone

TRH:

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

TSH:

Thyrotropin

UCP1:

Uncoupling protein 1

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Abikasinee Erampamoorthy for language revision.

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  1. Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj and Natalia Zawalna contributed equally.

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  1. Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland

    Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj, Natalia Zawalna, Paweł Gut & Marek Ruchała

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NSG and NZ wrote the manuscript. PG and MR corrected the manuscript and approved the final version. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.

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Sawicka-Gutaj, N., Zawalna, N., Gut, P. et al. Relationship between thyroid hormones and central nervous system metabolism in physiological and pathological conditions. Pharmacol. Rep 74, 847–858 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-022-00377-w

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