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The migratory records of the Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) in the arid ecosystems of western South America

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Abstract

The Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) is an American boreal migratory bird that arrives in the lowlands of the eastern slope of the Andes in South America during its non-breeding season. However, there are some historical migratory records of this species on the western slope of the Andes, but the information is poor and scattered. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the migratory patterns of the Eastern Kingbird, giving more attention to the migratory route throughout the arid ecosystems in western Peru and Chile. We modeled monthly density heatmaps and evaluated the annual migratory movements of the bird in the southern hemisphere using the records available in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility repository. We found that the species frequents the arid ecosystems of western South America often than previously published. We recognized that the species follows the same pattern of migration in both the western and eastern humid areas South America; nevertheless, we identified that the species is present year-round in northern South America, mainly in Colombia, with some records during the breeding season (April–August) in Peru and Chile. We strongly recommend the use of citizen science datasets to elucidate the migratory patterns of other boreal migratory bird species.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Adalifh Baldeón Calle of the Peruvian research NGO Centro de Investigación en Biología Tropical y Consevación – CINBIOTYC for the photographs and survey support. We are grateful to Haley Brandabur Wilken for helping with English corrections. Also, to the Brazilian Higher Education Training Program (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior [CAPES]) who granted a PhD scholarship to LMV.

Code availability

All code for GBIF’s data accession and graph generation associated with the current submission is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968786. Any updates will also be published on Zenodo, and the final DOI cited here.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru

    Luis E. Pollack-Velásquez

  2. Maria Koepcke Lab of Ornithology, Centro de Investigación en Biología Tropical y Conservación – CINBIOTYC, Piura, Peru

    Luis E. Pollack-Velásquez, Armando Ugaz, Luis Martin Vallejos, & Irwing S. Saldaña

  3. Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru

    Armando Ugaz

  4. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Luis Martin Vallejos,

  5. Laboratorio de Ecologia de Aves. IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Luis Martin Vallejos,

  6. División de Investigación, Instituto de Ciencias Antonio Brack, Lima, Peru

    Irwing S. Saldaña

Authors
  1. Luis E. Pollack-Velásquez
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  2. Armando Ugaz
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  3. Luis Martin Vallejos,
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  4. Irwing S. Saldaña
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Contributions

LPV conceived the presented idea. ISS performed the computational framework, analyzed the data, and designed the figures. All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luis E. Pollack-Velásquez.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Additional information

Communicated by: Cristiano S. Azevedo

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Pollack-Velásquez, L.E., Ugaz, A., Vallejos,, L.M. et al. The migratory records of the Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) in the arid ecosystems of western South America. Ornithol. Res. 28, 143–150 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43388-020-00019-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43388-020-00019-w

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