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Frequency regulation algorithm of wind turbines with control gain based on maximum power point estimation

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Abstract

In this study, a frequency regulation is proposed that adjusts the release of rotational kinetic energy to ensure that a wind turbine remains near the maximum power point in the event of persistent under-frequency. The proposed scheme calculates wind turbine power by multiplying the frequency deviation with the variable control gain and then adding the resulting value to the torque controller power. Considering the operational characteristics of the wind turbine, separate control gains are applied in both the over-frequency section (OFS) and the under-frequency section (UFS). When the rotor speed approaches the maximum power point (MPP), the UFS control gain decreases, causing the wind turbine to gradually transition to maximum power point tracking (MPPT). This overcomes the limitations of conventional frequency regulation, enhancing both the power output of the wind turbine and the average grid frequency. To validate the proposed scheme, an IEEE 14 bus system, including a wind power plant and a photovoltaic plant, was simulated using the EMTP-RV simulator. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme effectively performs frequency regulation in the power grid regardless of the wind penetration.

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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Korean Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and Kwangwoon university. (Grant Numbers 20223030020110 and 2023-0433)

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  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Ye-Chan Kim & Seung-Ho Song

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  1. Ye-Chan Kim
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  2. Seung-Ho Song
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Correspondence to Seung-Ho Song.

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Kim, YC., Song, SH. Frequency regulation algorithm of wind turbines with control gain based on maximum power point estimation. J. Power Electron. 24, 414–424 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43236-023-00732-x

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