Abstract
In this study, a sodalite-type zeolite (SOD) was synthesized through the alkaline fusion of kaolin and crystallized under ambient pressure conditions, without the need for autoclaves and high temperatures. The influence of the ratio between fused kaolin and water (g/mL) during crystallization was evaluated. The ratio of fused kaolin with NaOH to water at 1:10 g/mL resulted in the synthesis of zeolite with higher relative crystallinity (70.99%), which was affected by the concomitant formation of thermonatrite phase. Additionally, the zeolite showed a Si/Al ratio of 0.95 and Na/Al ratio of 1.00, and the aluminum atoms exhibited a configuration of perfect tetrahedra. Due to the absence of octahedral aluminum in the zeolitic structure and the charge-balancing cations being Na+ ions, the zeolite presented itself as a basic solid.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data used in this study is available upon request to the corresponding author.
References
Abnisa F, Sanni SE, Alaba PA (2021) Comparative study of catalytic performance and degradation kinetics of biodiesels produced using heterogeneous catalysts from kaolinite. J Environ Chem Eng 9:105569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105569
Akinola TE, Bonilla Prado PL, Wang M (2022) Experimental studies, molecular simulation and process modelling\simulation of adsorption-based post-combustion carbon capture for power plants: A state-of-the-art review. Appl Energy 317:119156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119156
Alaba PA, Sani YM, Ashri Wan Daud WM (2015) Kaolinite properties and advances for solid acid and basic catalyst synthesis. RSC Adv 5:101127–101147. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA18884A
Bai S, Zhou L, Chang Z, Zhang C, Chu M (2018) Synthesis of Na-X zeolite from Longkou oil shale ash by alkaline fusion hydrothermal method. Carbon Resources Conversion 1:245–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crcon.2018.08.005
Belviso C, Cavalcante F, Lettino A, Fiore S (2013) A and X-type zeolites synthesised from kaolinite at low temperature. Appl Clay Sci 80–81:162–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2013.02.003
Bieseki L, Ribeiro DB, Sobrinho EV, Melo DMA, Pergher SBC (2013) Synthesis of zeolites using silico-aluminous residue from the lithium extraction process. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0366-69132013000300018
Cui L, Han R, Yang L, Wu Y, Pei R, Li F (2020) Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous sodalite and investigation of the effects of inorganic salts on its structure and properties. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 306:110385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110385
Cunha FOD, Torem ML, D’Abreu JC (2007) A influência do pH na reologia de polpas de caulim. Rem Rev Esc Minas 60:505–511. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0370-44672007000300011
Ellerbrock R, Stein M, Schaller J (2022) Comparing amorphous silica, short-range-ordered silicates and silicic acid species by FTIR. Sci Rep 12:11708. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15882-4
Esaifan M, Warr LN, Grathoff G, Meyer T, Schafmeister M-T, Kruth A, Testrich H (2019) Synthesis of Hydroxy-Sodalite/Cancrinite Zeolites from Calcite-Bearing Kaolin for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Media. Minerals 9:484. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9080484
Franus W, Wdowin M, Franus M (2014) Synthesis and characterization of zeolites prepared from industrial fly ash. Environ Monit Assess 186:5721–5729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3815-5
Gandhi D, Bandyopadhyay R, Soni B (2021) Zeolite Y from kaolin clay of Kachchh, India: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic application. J Indian Chem Soc 98:100246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2021.100246
García-Villén F, Flores-Ruíz E, Verdugo-Escamilla C, Huertas FJ (2018) Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites using sanitary ware waste as a raw material. Appl Clay Sci 160:238–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.02.004
He Y, Tang S, Yin S, Li S (2021) Research progress on green synthesis of various high-purity zeolites from natural material-kaolin. J Clean Prod 306:127248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127248
Ibrahim AH, Lyu X, ElDeeb AB (2023) Synthesized Zeolite Based on Egyptian Boiler Ash Residue and Kaolin for the Effective Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Industrial Wastewater. Nanomaterials 13:1091. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13061091
Ji B, Zhang W (2022) Adsorption of cerium (III) by zeolites synthesized from kaolinite after rare earth elements (REEs) recovery. Chemosphere 303:134941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134941
Ju T, Han S, Meng F, Lin L, Li J, Chen K, Jiang J (2023) Porous silica synthesis out of coal fly ash with no residue generation and complete silicon separation. Front Environ Sci Eng 17:112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1712-2
Khalifah SN, Cahyawati M, Cahyani DKD, Arifah A, Prasetyo A (2019) Synthesis of Sodalite from Indonesian Kaolin with Conventional and Alkali Fusion Method. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng 578:012006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/578/1/012006
Klima KM, Schollbach K, Brouwers HJH, Yu Q (2022) Enhancing the thermal performance of Class F fly ash-based geopolymer by sodalite. Constr Build Mater 314:125574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125574
Li J, Zeng X, Yang X, Wang C, Luo X (2015) Synthesis of pure sodalite with wool ball morphology from alkali fusion kaolin. Mater Lett 161:157–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.08.058
Luna FJ, Schuchardt U (2001) Modificação de zeólitas para uso em catálise. Quím Nova 24:885–892. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422001000600027
Mamaghani FAA, Salem A, Salem S (2022) Role of aluminum resource in conversion of bentonite into low silica-based zeolites via fusion technology. Mater Lett 318:132168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2022.132168
Manique MC, Lacerda LV, Alves AK, Bergmann CP (2017) Biodiesel production using coal fly ash-derived sodalite as a heterogeneous catalyst. Fuel 190:268–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.016
Moreno-Maroto JM, Alonso-Azcárate J, Martínez-García C, Romero M, López-Delgado A, Cotes-Palomino T (2022) Zeolitization of Diatomite Residues by a Simple Method. Appl Sci 12:10977. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122110977
Oliveira E, Alves C, França A, Nascimento R, Sasaki J, Loiola A (2021) Zeólita naa sintetizada sobre fibra de vidro como estratégia para otimização do abrandamento de águas duras. Quím Nova. https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170797
Prokof’ev VY, Gordina NE, Borisova TN, Shamanaeva NV (2019) Study of the kinetics of water desorption on binder-free pellets of SOD and LTA zeolites using model-free isoconversion analyzes. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 280:116–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2019.01.028
Ravi M, Sushkevich VL, van Bokhoven JA (2019) Lewis Acidity Inherent to the Framework of Zeolite Mordenite. J Phys Chem C 123:15139–15144. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b03620
Ravi M, Sushkevich VL, van Bokhoven JA (2020) Towards a better understanding of Lewis acidic aluminium in zeolites. Nat Mater 19:1047–1056. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0751-3
Ravi M, Sushkevich VL, van Bokhoven JA (2021) On the location of Lewis acidic aluminum in zeolite mordenite and the role of framework-associated aluminum in mediating the switch between Brønsted and Lewis acidity. Chem Sci 12:4094–4103. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SC06130A
Sánchez-Hernández R, López-Delgado A, Padilla I, Galindo R, López-Andrés S (2016) One-step synthesis of NaP1, SOD and ANA from a hazardous aluminum solid waste. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 226:267–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.01.037
Scarano A, Aria M, Mauriello F, Riccardi MR, Montella A (2023) Systematic literature review of 10 years of cyclist safety research. Accid Anal Prev 184:106996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2023.106996
Schwanke AJ, Silveira DR, Saorin Puton BM, Cansian RL, Bernardo-Gusmão K (2022) Sustainable conversion of Brazilian Amazon kaolin mining waste to zinc-based Linde Type A zeolites with antibacterial activity. J Clean Prod 338:130659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130659
Sousa BB, Rego JAR, Brasil DSB, Martelli MC (2020) Síntese e caracterização de zeólita tipo sodalita obtida a partir de resíduo de caulim. Cerâmica 66:404–412. https://doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132020663802758
Tang L-J, Xie X-Z, Huang Y-X, Pan Y, Mi J-X (2022) Phase diagram for hydrothermal alkali activation of kaolin and quartz: Optimal digestion for the synthesis of zeolites. Mater Chem Phys 290:126570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126570
Tauanov Z, Tsakiridis PE, Shah D, Inglezakis VJ (2019) Synthetic sodalite doped with silver nanoparticles: Characterization and mercury (II) removal from aqueous solutions. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 54:951–959. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1611129
Walkley B, Provis JL (2019) Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cements. Materials Today Advances 1:100007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2019.100007
Ye T, Chen Z, Chen Y, Xie H, Zhong Q, Qu H (2022) Green synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite for selective catalytic reduction of NO via template-free method from tailing residue. J Environ Chem Eng 10:107766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.107766
Yuan W, Kuang J, Yu M, Huang Z (2019) Effect of Er(NO3)3 on thermal activation of kaolinite and alkaline reaction behavior of metakaolin. Powder Technol 354:727–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.06.042
Zhao D, Armutlulu A, Chen Y, Wang Y, Xie R (2021) Highly efficient removal of Cu(II) using mesoporous sodalite zeolite produced from industrial waste lithium-silicon-fume via reactive oxidation species route. J Clean Prod 319:128682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128682
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Espírito Santo (FAPES) for the financial support provided through a master's scholarship. They also express their gratitude to the Characterization and X-ray Diffractometry Laboratories at the Núcleo de Competências em Química do Petróleo (LabPetro) of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) for performing the FTIR and XRD analyses, respectively. Additionally, they acknowledge the Carlos Alberto Redins Cellular Ultrastructure Laboratory (LUCCAR/UFES) for conducting the SEM-EDX analysis.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Statement: During the preparation of this work the authors used ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI in order to improve language translation. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and takes full responsibility for the content of the publication.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Céleri, E.P., da Silva, C.C.M., Lacerda Jr, V. et al. Synthesis of Sodalite Zeolite from Alkaline Fusion of Kaolin and Crystallization at Low Temperature and Ambient Pressure. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-024-00455-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-024-00455-x