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Host Cell Remodeling by Plasmodium falciparum Sexual Stages

  • Malaria (DY Bargieri, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Tissue Microenvironment Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

To thrive and survive, intracellular pathogens actively remodel their host cells. The mechanisms developed by the asexual stages of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to remodel their host erythrocyte have been extensively described. However, they are less characterized for the sexual stages, called gametocytes, which are responsible for parasite transmission.

Recent Findings

Gametocytes develop in erythrocytes and have recently been shown to mature in nucleated erythroid precursors as well. The sexual stages of the parasite affect erythroblastic differentiation; however, it is still unclear whether erythroblasts undergo the same remodeling as their mature counterparts. We explore how erythrocytes and erythroblasts may be impacted by parasite development.

Summary

Gametocytes deeply modify their erythrocyte host by exporting proteins to the host cell cytosol and membrane. These proteins induce dramatic changes in the morphology and physiology of the infected erythrocyte which acquires novel mechanical, adhesive, and serologic properties. Some of these modifications play a key role for gametocyte sequestration in the bone marrow, subsequent release in the bloodstream and ability to persist in blood circulation. The gametocytes development in erythroblasts and the potential-induced remodeling of the host cell may also contribute to anemia and have crucial implications for how to target gametocytes in drug- or vaccine-based strategies.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Kelly Harding for English editing of the manuscript and Sylvie Perrot for the technical help for the electron microscopy images.

Funding

The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Cnrs, Inserm, the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (“Equipe FRM” grant DEQ20170336722) and the Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, reference ANR-11-LABX0051, funded by the program “Investissements d’avenir” of the French National Research Agency, reference ANR11-IDEX-0005-02.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, , Institut Cochin, Paris, France

    Verdier Frédérique & Lavazec Catherine

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA

    Neveu Gaëlle

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  1. Verdier Frédérique
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  2. Neveu Gaëlle
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  3. Lavazec Catherine
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Correspondence to Lavazec Catherine.

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Drs. Verdier, Neveu, and Lavazec declare no competing interests.

Human and Animal Studies and Informed Consent

All reported studies/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors were performed in accordance with all applicable ethical standards including the Helsinki declaration and its amendments, institutional/national research committee standards, and international/national/institutional guidelines.

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Frédérique, V., Gaëlle, N. & Catherine, L. Host Cell Remodeling by Plasmodium falciparum Sexual Stages. Curr. Tissue Microenviron. Rep. 3, 11–20 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43152-022-00034-7

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