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Otolith biogeochemistry reveals possible impacts of extreme climate events on population connectivity of a highly migratory fish, Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius

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Abstract

Climate change, particularly extreme climate events, is likely to alter the population connectivity in diverse taxa. While the population connectivity for highly migratory species is expected to be vulnerable to climate change, the complex migration patterns has made the measurement difficult and studies rare. However, otolith biogeochemistry provides the possibility to evaluate these climate-induced impacts. Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius is a highly migratory fish that is widely distributed in the northwest Pacific. Otoliths biogeochemistry of age-1 spawning or spent individuals from three consecutive years (2016–2018), during which a very strong El Niño was experienced (2015–2016), were analyzed to evaluate the temporal variation of connectivity for S. niphonius population along the coast of China. The elemental concentrations of the whole otolith showed that Ba:Ca and Mg:Ca values were found to significantly increase in the El Niño year. The random forest classification and clustering analysis indicated a large-scale connectivity between East China Sea and the Yellow Sea in the El Niño year whereas the local S. niphonius assemblages in different spawning areas were more self-sustaining after the El Niño year. These findings lead to the hypothesis that environmental conditions associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in the Northern Pacific Ocean would likely influence the population connectivity of S. niphonius. If so, extreme climate events can result in profound changes in the extent, pattern and connectivity of migratory fish populations. Our study demonstrates that otolith biogeochemistry could provide insight towards revealing how fish population response to extreme climate events.

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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for all scientific staff and crew for their assistance with sample collection and experiment implementation. This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No. 41930534). The senior author’s study at Stony Brook University is supported by China Scholarship Council.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Deep Sea and Polar Fisheries Research Center and Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China

    Xindong Pan & Yongjun Tian

  2. Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China

    Xindong Pan & Yongjun Tian

  3. School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA

    Xindong Pan & Yong Chen

  4. Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China

    Tao Jiang & Jian Yang

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XDP reviewed the literature and wrote the manuscript. YC, TJ, JY and YJT improved and corrected the manuscript. The above authors approved this manuscript.

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Pan, X., Chen, Y., Jiang, T. et al. Otolith biogeochemistry reveals possible impacts of extreme climate events on population connectivity of a highly migratory fish, Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius. Mar Life Sci Technol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-024-00229-x

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