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Evaluation of TRMM 3B43 V7 precipitation data in varied Moroccan climatic and topographic zones

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Abstract

Hydrologists in developing countries face a major challenge due to the lack of ground data. This study evaluates the performance of the monthly Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) algorithm 3B43 V7 using 172 ground rainfall measurement stations (GRMS) over Morocco (1998–2018). The performance of the TRMM 3B43 V7 was assessed using four well-known metrics (KGE, R2, PBIAS, and RSR). The evaluation was undertaken based on (1) a point-to-pixel scale, (2) sub-regions of Morocco, (3) climatic zones, and (4) different ranges of altitudes. Results indicate that the TRMM 3B43 V7 provides satisfactory attribution in most regions of Morocco, with an average R2 higher than 0.54, except in the south areas, which have the lowest R2 between 0.29 and 0.41. The best R2 of 0.95 was observed in the Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region. The other performance criteria (KGE: 0.93, RSR: 0.21, PBIAS: − 5.5) indicate that TRMM 3B43 V7 is consistent with in situ data but slightly underestimated. At the point-to-pixel scale, KGE and R2 show that 61% and 52% of stations present satisfactory to good results, respectively. The PBIAS shows a large overestimation over most parts of Morocco, particularly the southern part. TRMM 3B43V7 performs better in the Mediterranean climate than in other climatic zones. TRMM 3B43 V7 harmonises GRMS slightly in low elevation zones, while average PBIAS show a global overestimation, increasing in high and low elevations. The results of this study confirm that TRMM 3B43 V7 provides a vital baseline tool to assist Moroccan Hydraulic Basin agencies.

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Data availability

The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper.

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Acknowledgements

We thank three anonymous referees and the Editor-in-Chief for extensive reviews, information, and suggestions, which greatly improved the paper. The authors would like to thank the Moroccan Hydraulic Basin Agencies (ABHs) and especially wish to acknowledge the Loukkos Hydraulic Basin Agency (ABHL) for providing the necessary data used in this paper. Finally, Prof. M. Abioui is thankful for the support of national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I. P (FCT), under the projects UIDB/04292/2020, UIDP/04292/2020, granted to MARE, and LA/P/0069/2020, granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Applied Geology Research Laboratory, AGRSRT, Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia, Morocco

    Mourad Aqnouy

  2. Modelling Simulation and Data Analysis, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco

    Younes Ommane

  3. GPE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Mohammedia, Mohammedia, Morocco

    Abdessalam Ouallali

  4. ESO, UMR 6590, UNIV Angers, CNRS, SFR Confluences, UFR LLSH, Angers, France

    Abdelali Gourfi

  5. Australian Rivers Institute and School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia

    Gebiaw T. Ayele

  6. Research Team: Water and Environment Management, Laboratory of Applied Sciences (LSA), National School of Applied Sciences Al Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tétouan, Morocco

    Yassine El Yousfi

  7. Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco

    Ismail Bouizrou

  8. Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Ismail Bouizrou

  9. Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tétouan, Morocco

    Jamal Eddine Stitou El Messari

  10. LECGEN, SNVSTU, Abou Bekr Belkaid University (UABB), Tlemcen, Algeria

    Amin Zettam

  11. Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

    Assefa M. Melesse

  12. School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia

    Christopher E. Ndehedehe

  13. Geosciences, Environment and Geomatics Laboratory (GEG), Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco

    Mohamed Abioui

  14. MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre-Sedimentary Geology Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Mohamed Abioui

  15. Laboratory for Sustainable Innovation and Applied Research, Universiapolis—International University of Agadir, Agadir, Morocco

    Mohamed Abioui

  16. Center of Excellence for Soil and Fertilizer Research in Africa (CESFRA), AgroBioSciences (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco

    Hamza Briak

Authors
  1. Mourad Aqnouy
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  2. Younes Ommane
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  3. Abdessalam Ouallali
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  4. Abdelali Gourfi
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  5. Gebiaw T. Ayele
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  7. Ismail Bouizrou
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  8. Jamal Eddine Stitou El Messari
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  9. Amin Zettam
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  10. Assefa M. Melesse
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  11. Christopher E. Ndehedehe
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  12. Mohamed Abioui
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  13. Hamza Briak
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Correspondence to Mourad Aqnouy.

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Aqnouy, M., Ommane, Y., Ouallali, A. et al. Evaluation of TRMM 3B43 V7 precipitation data in varied Moroccan climatic and topographic zones. Med. Geosc. Rev. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42990-024-00116-8

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