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Paleoseismology of the western Sürgü–Misis fault system: East Anatolian Fault, Turkey

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Abstract

The East Anatolian fault bifurcates into a north strand and a south strand near the City of Çelikhan, Turkey. The northern strand is referred to as the Sürgü–Misis fault (SMF) system, which is divided into a number of distinct fault segments based on geological and geomorphological characteristics. However, no paleoseismological data regarding the movement history of the SMF system previously have been reported. We excavated seven trenches across four segments of the SMF system to evaluate the paleoseismological history of these fault zones. These trenches exposed structural and sedimentological evidence of paleoseismic events that had primarily strike-slip displacements with secondary normal and reverse components of motion. Geochronological dating of the trench stratigraphy and event horizons provide the time elapsed since the last event and confirmed the Holocene activity of the faults. These fault segments are individually capable of producing surface-rupturing earthquakes, but may also rupture together generating large, complex, multi–segment ruptures. However, the SMF system has not produced surface-rupturing earthquakes in the last millennia, and therefore is accumulating strain. In light of our findings, we suggest that about 1.7 m of strain has accumulated across the Karataş and Yumurtalık fault segments, which is sufficient to produce moderate to large earthquakes when released seismically. The surrounding Gulf of İskenderun is a highly industrialized district in the Eastern Mediterranean. Therefore, the data obtained from this paleoseismological investigation will contribute to a better understanding of the earthquake hazards in the region.

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Acknowledgements

This work was carried out as a part of “Turkish Paleoseismological Research’ project supported by the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA). We gratefully acknowledge MTA for the support provided. We also thank L. Gregory, J. Hengesh and an anonymous referee, for comments and reviews which substantially improved the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. FUGRO–SIAL Geosciences Consulting and Engineering, Ankara, Turkey

    Tamer Y. Duman

  2. Department of Geological Research, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    Hasan Elmacı, Selim Özalp, Akın Kürçer & Ersin Özdemir

  3. Directorate of Eastern Mediterranean Region, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Adana, Turkey

    Meryem Kara

  4. Department of Marine Research, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    Ayhan Yavuzoğlu

  5. Department of Energy Raw Material Research and Exploration, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    Çağıl Uygun Güldoğan

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Duman, T.Y., Elmacı, H., Özalp, S. et al. Paleoseismology of the western Sürgü–Misis fault system: East Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Med. Geosc. Rev. 2, 411–437 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42990-020-00041-6

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