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Geomorphology and tephrochronology review of the Hasandağ volcano (southern Cappadocia, Turkey)

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Abstract

This research proposes a suite of volcanic events that took part in the edification of the double-peaked Hasandağ stratovolcano in southern Cappadocia. Inter-correlations of sections dispatched along geographic transects across the volcano evidence continuities/discontinuities and stratigraphic relationships using key layers identified through this process which is, later, framed by a radiometric dating control of some of these formations. The main goal is to provide some chronological markers of the geomorphological evolution of the volcano. The stratigraphy, lithology and facies, the landform definitions and new dates provide information about eruption types and their role in shaping the morphologies of the volcano through time. Recent ages from literature and seven new K/Ar dates contribute in enriching the story of the volcanic activity that built the Hasandağ stratovolcano landforms. The part of the story exposed in this article starts mainly c. 700/650 ka ago with the construction of a Mid-Pleistocene volcano. Later, between 220 and 120 ka ago, main events occurred in the NE part of the volcano. After an initial Plinian eruption, a caldera collapse is recorded by pumice flows. Close to the emission point, a small collapse structure is today filled with a much younger dacite flow. After the Plinian eruption, the partial destruction of a volcano caused one or two avalanches containing several meters-thick distinct blocks that flew north c. 16–18 km over the roof of the Cappadocian Miocene ignimbrites. Remains of the destructed volcano flanks are not visible. Either they are buried below younger lava flows forming the Küçük Hasandağ cone, or a seism in the Tuz Gölü Fault Zone during the avalanche may have resulted in an explosion. This event was followed by extrusion of rhyolitic domes positioned on the caldera rim, emitting pumice falls now filling-in the Güvercin valley stream down to Ihlara village. During Late Pleistocene emission of andesite and dacite flows and domes, accompanied by several pyroclastic flows formed today’s terminal cones of the stratovolcano.

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Photographs: C. Kuzucuoğlu

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Photographs by D. Mouralis

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Acknowledgements

This research has been realized in a joint project led by General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) (Department of Geological Research) represented by A. Türkecan, and by CNRS (Laboratoire de Géographie Physique-LGP) represented by C. Kuzucuoğlu. If was financed by MTA, the LGP, and also by the CNRS/PALEOMEX Programme from CNRS, the ARCHEOMED project (INSEE/CNRS) and the ENVIMED Programme from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. D. Mouralis also thanks his laboratory (IDEES, UMR 6266, University of Rouen-Normandy and CNRS) for administrative and financial support. Finally, the authors thank the two reviewers who positively and thoroughly discussed this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (CNRS, Univ. Paris 1), 1 place Aristide Briand, 92195, Meudon, France

    C. Kuzucuoğlu & J.-F. Pastre

  2. Department of Geology, General Directorate of MTA, Dumlupınar Bulvarı No 139, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    E. Gündoğdu Atakay, G. Atıcı & A. Türkecan

  3. Université de Rouen-Normandie and CNRS, Laboratoire IDEES (UMR 6266), 7 Rue Thomas Becket, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France

    D. Mouralis

  4. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette, France

    H. Guillou

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  1. C. Kuzucuoğlu
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Kuzucuoğlu, C., Gündoğdu Atakay, E., Mouralis, D. et al. Geomorphology and tephrochronology review of the Hasandağ volcano (southern Cappadocia, Turkey). Med. Geosc. Rev. 2, 185–215 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42990-019-00017-1

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