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Development of a Multi-hop Network Using XBee3 Micro-modules for Different Indoor Scenarios: Autonomous Parameter Setting and Signal Monitoring

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Abstract

In multi-hop wireless sensor networks (WSNs), since the coverage area is larger than the radio range of a single node, relay nodes in the network are employed to transfer the data to the destination with hop-by-hop communication. Here, autonomous and effective multi-hop communication to satisfy wireless communication reliability is significantly required. In this work, the development and the experimental evaluation of a 2.4 GHz indoor multi-hop WSN system are presented. The contributions and novelties of this work are that, first, we develop a multi-hop WSN utilizing IEEE 802.15.4 Xbee3 micro-modules, and we build the communication protocol for all wireless sensor nodes, as well as the graphical user interface (GUI) for autonomous parameter setup and signal monitoring. Second, the proposed system is tested in different indoor scenarios, including line-of-sight (LoS) communications, non-line-of-sight (NLoS), different floor communications, and spiral staircase tower scenarios. The effects of different node placement locations, communication directions, and transmission powers are also explored. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can operate autonomously and efficiently in all test scenarios, where a packet delivery ratio (PDR) reaches 100% as the successful rate of packet transmission. Additionally, the end-to-end delay (ETED) from the transmitter to the receiver nodes and the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) level measured from each communication link are also reported for evaluation and analysis. Experimental results indicate our success in implementation and usability for WSN indoor deployment.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Abbreviations

WSN:

Wireless sensor network

GUI:

Graphical user interface

LoS:

Line-of-sight

NLoS:

Non-line-of-sight

PDR:

Packet delivery ratio

ETED:

End-to-end delay

RSSI:

Received signal strength indicator

ADC:

Analog-to-digital converter

EMG:

Electromyography

BS:

Base station

GPS:

Global positioning system

EEG:

Electrocardiogram

QoS:

Quality of service

SD:

Standard deviation

ISM:

Industrial, scientific, and medical

BLE:

Bluetooth low energy

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand.

Funding

Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Apidet Booranawong.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

    Puwasit Hirunkitrangsri, Yoschanin Sasiwat & Apidet Booranawong

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  1. Puwasit Hirunkitrangsri
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  2. Yoschanin Sasiwat
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  3. Apidet Booranawong
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Contributions

Conceptualization, PH, AB; methodology, PH, and AB; investigation, PH, YS and AB; writing—original draft preparation, PH, and AB; writing—review and editing, PH, and AB; supervision, AB; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Apidet Booranawong.

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Hirunkitrangsri, P., Sasiwat, Y. & Booranawong, A. Development of a Multi-hop Network Using XBee3 Micro-modules for Different Indoor Scenarios: Autonomous Parameter Setting and Signal Monitoring. SN COMPUT. SCI. 5, 34 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-023-02381-0

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