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Identification of terminal heat-tolerant and foliar disease-resistant fortified genotypes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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Abstract

Terminal heat stress and foliar diseases like rusts and spot blotch are the major concerns for sustainable wheat production in South Asia. Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains witness the crucial role of heat stress during grain-filling duration (GFD) and occurrence of rust diseases and spot blotch in wheat. One hundred promising wheat genotypes were selected from five international wheat yield trials and evaluated at three sites in India for yield components and disease resistance. To identify potential donors, these lines were further screened under timely sown (normal sown) and late sown (heat stress) conditions. Analysis of variation in the studied traits revealed significant differences among all the genotypes in both environments. Grain yield showed a positive and significant correlation with NDVI, chlorophyll index, flag leaf length, flag leaf area, tiller per plant, number of grains per spike, peduncle length and 1000 grain weight (TGW) in both environments. Grain zinc and iron content was substantially increased under late sown condition. As per heat susceptibility index of GFD, TGW, NDVI and grain yield per plot, 10 tested entries were found heat tolerant. Ten promising entries with low disease score were listed as spot blotch donors. Markers linked with seven rust resistance genes, three spot blotch genes and two markers linked with quality-related traits, namely yellow pigment (Psy-A1) and polyphenol oxidase activity (Ppo-1A) and rust pathotypes, were also used to identify the presence of individual genes. Promising entries 46 (CWYT-613; GID 7631433) and 58 (41ESWYT-137; GID 8240588), common for both tested conditions, were identified and promoted under the breeding programme.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the CIMMYT-India and Borlaug Institute of South Asia (BISA) scientists for providing elite wheat lines from various CIMMYT-nurseries and relevant information. The first author thanks Indian Council of Agricultural Research for providing National Talent Scholarship. The authors acknowledge Biofortification Laboratory Facility at Bihar Agricultural University Sabour for grain mineral analysis.

Funding

We acknowledge the financial support received from the state plan Project (SNP/CI/Rabi/2021-6), Directorate of Research, Bihar Agricultural University Sabour, India, and postgraduate contingency grant received from Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bihar, 813210, India

    Rounak Kumar, Tirthartha Chattopadhyay & Deepak Baranwal

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bihar, 813210, India

    Chandra Shekhar Azad

  3. Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) and CIMMYT-India, DPS Marg, NASC Complex, New Delhi, 11012, India

    Pradeep Kumar Bhati

  4. Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Flowerdale, Chotta Shimla, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171002, India

    Om Prakash Gangwar, Subodh Kumar & Pramod Prasad

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Contributions

RK, DB and TC conducted genotyping of the wheat materials with markers linked with rust resistance genes; RK, DB and CSA performed screening against spot blotch; OPG, SK and PP conducted rust screening at the seedling stage under the controlled environments; RK and DB performed the field evaluation of the studied materials, statistical analysis and wrote the draft of this manuscript. DB supervised data analysis and provided overall guidance. PKB provide germplasm and edited manuscript, DB and PP edited the draft of the manuscript. All authors proofread the manuscript prior to submission.

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Correspondence to Deepak Baranwal.

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Communicated by Maria Rosa Simon.

This article bears the BAU communication number 1339/221124.

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Kumar, R., Azad, C.S., Chattopadhyay, T. et al. Identification of terminal heat-tolerant and foliar disease-resistant fortified genotypes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00505-7

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