Abstract
Nutrient utilization efficiency in wheat could be affected by fertilizer supply and soil properties such as salinity. A greenhouse pot study involving two wheat genotypes (Shavano and AK58), two phosphorus (P) supply levels [imposed by adding 0.5 mM KH2PO4 (+ P), and 0 mM KH2PO4 (–P)], and two salt stress levels [imposed by adding 100 mM NaCl (+ S), and 0 mM NaCl (–S)] was undertaken to study the impact of P supply and salt stress on organic exudation, nutrient utilization, and plant growth in wheat. At the seedling stage in the –P–S treatment, the tall genotype (Shavano) had higher succinic, fumaric, malic, and malonic acid concentrations in roots than the dwarf genotype (AK58), suggesting genotypic differences in adapting to unfavorable conditions. Salt stress increased Na and decreased K in roots and shoots (straw). At maturity, the –P treatment increased the total root length (TRL) to aboveground biomass (ABG) ratio relative to the + P treatment, suggesting that –P wheat required more root length to sustain equivalent aboveground biomass than + P wheat. AK58 and Shavano required 8.6–13.8 mg and 31.9–36.1 mg P to achieve 1 g grain across all treatments, respectively. The increased P efficiency of AK58 relative to Shavano was probably due to the increased harvest index conferred by dwarf genes. Wheat coordinated adaptations in root architecture and aboveground plant biomass combined with changes in root exudation and nutrient uptake to deal with P deficiency and salt stress, consequently altering nutrient utilization.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbas G, Chen Y, Khan FY, Feng Y, Palta JA, Siddique KHM (2018) Salinity and low phosphorus differentially affect shoot and root traits in two wheat cultivars with contrasting tolerance to salt. Agronomy 8:155
Augstein F, Carlsbecker A (2022) Salinity induces discontinuous protoxylem via a DELLA-dependent mechanism promoting salt tolerance in Arabidopsis seedlings. New Phytol 236(1):195–209
Cobalchin F, Volpato M, Modena A, Finotti L, Manni F, Panozzo A, Vamerali T (2021) Biofortification of common wheat grains with combined Ca, Mg, and K through foliar fertilisation. Agronomy 11:1718
Courbet G, D’Oria A, Lornac A, Diquélou S, Pluchon S, Arkoun M, Koprivova A, Kopriva S, Etienne P, Ourry A (2021) Specificity and plasticity of the functional ionome of brassica napus and Triticum aestivum subjected to macronutrient deprivation. Front Plant Sci 12:641648
Jankowski KJ, Hulanicki PS, Sokólski M, Hulanicki P, Dubis B (2016) Yield and quality of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to different systems of foliar fertilization. J Elem 21:715–728
Jones GPD, Jessop RS, Blair GJ (1992) Alternative methods for the selection of phosphorus efficiency in wheat. Field Crop Res 30:29–40
Lynch J (1995) Root architecture and plant productivity. Plant Physiol 109:7–13
Marschner H (1995) Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, 3rd edn. Academic Press, London, UK
Martinez V, Lauchli A (1994) Salt-induced inhibition of phosphate uptake in plants of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). New Phytol 125:609–614
Martinez V, Bernstein N, Läuchli A (1996) Salt-induced inhibition of phosphorus transport in lettuce plants. Physiol Plantarum 97:118–122
McGrail RK, Van Sanford DA, McNear DH (2021) Semidwarf winter wheat roots contain fewer organic acids than wild type varieties under phosphorus stress. Crop Sci 61(5):3586–3597
Mittler R (2006) Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination. Trends Plant Sci 11:15–19
Mohankumar KT, Raghu NP, Tapan JP, Kapil AC, Ananta V, Suresh C, Atul BP, Ankita T (2022) Impact of low molecular weight organic acids on soil phosphorus release and availability to wheat. Commun Soil Sci Plant 53(18):2497–2508
Møller IS, Gilliham M, Jha D, Mayo GM, Roy SJ, Coates JC, Haseloff J, Tester M (2009) Shoot Na+ exclusion and increased salinity tolerance engineered by cell type- specific alteration of Na+ transport in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 21:2163–2178
Obaid-ur-Reham MSM, Ranjha AM, Sarfraz M (2007) Phosphorus requirements of cereal crops and fertility build-up factor in a Typic Camborthid soil. J Biol Sci 7:1072–1081
Silberbush M, Ben-Asher J (1989) The effect of NaCl concentration on NO3–, K+ and orthophosphate-P influx to peanut roots. Sci Hortic 39:279–287
Teng W, Deng Y, Chen XP, Xu XF, Chen RY, Lv Y, Zhao YY, Zhao XQ, He X, Li B, Tong YP, Zhang FS, Li ZS (2013) Characterization of root response to phosphorus supply from morphology to gene analysis in fIeld-grown wheat. J Exp Bot 64:1403–1411
Tshewang S, Rengel Z, Siddique KHM, Solaiman ZM (2020) Growth, rhizosphere carboxylate exudation, and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation in temperate perennial pasture grasses varied with phosphorus application. Agronomy 10:2017
White PJ, Broadley MR (2003) Calcium in plants. Ann Bot 92:487–511
Wu L, Kobayashi Y, Wasaki J, Koyama H (2018) Organic acid excretion from roots: a plant mechanism for enhancing phosphorus acquisition enhancing aluminum tolerance and recruiting beneficial rhizobacteria. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 1–8(697):704
Zhan A, Chen X, Li S, Cui Z (2015) Changes in phosphorus requirement with increasing grain yield for winter wheat. Agron J107(6):2003–2010
Zhao DY, Zheng SS, Muhammond KN, Niu JQ, Wang N, Li ZJ, Wu HL, Ling HQ (2018) Screening wheat genotypes for better performance on reduced phosphorus supply by comparing glasshouse experiments with field trials. Plant Soil 430:349–360
Zhao D, Gao S, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Khan SA (2021) Impact of saline stress on the uptake of various macro and micronutrients and their associations with plant biomass and root traits in wheat. Plant Soil Environ 67(2):61–70
Zhao DY, Zhang ZZ, Yuan YR, Zhang XL, Zhao WF, Li XP, Wang J, Siddique KHM (2022) Accumulation of zinc, iron and selenium in wheat as affected by phosphorus supply in salinised condition. Crop Pasture Sci 73(5):537–545
Zribi OT, Abdelly C, Debez A (2011) Interactive effects of salinity and phosphorus availability on growth, water relations, nutritional status and photosynthetic activity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant Biol 13:872–880
Zribi OT, Labidi N, Slama I, Slama I, Debez A, Ksouri R, Rabhi M, Smaoui A, Abdelly C (2012) Alleviation of phosphorus deficiency stress by moderate salinity in the halophyte Hordeum maritimum L. Plant Growth Regul 66:75–85
Funding
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071954), Youth Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020QC038), and PhD initiative Project of Binzhou University (2017Y24).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
DYZ contributed to conceptualization; DYZ and ZWZ contributed to methodology; GLL, SPZ, XLZ, and WFZ contributed to investigation; DYZ contributed to writing; DYZ and KHMS contributed to writing—review and editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Communicated by Tibor Janda.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, DY., Zhang, ZW., Liu, GL. et al. Effects of phosphorus supply and salt stress on plant growth, organic acid concentration, and sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus utilization in wheat. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 51, 905–915 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00362-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00362-w