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A Review of the Applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) for Agricultural Automation

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Abstract

Purpose

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices for communicating machine to machine (M2M) based on wired and wireless Internet. IoT in agriculture is a revolutionary technology that can be applied to agricultural production year-round. The aim of this study is to summarize cases of IoT being applied to agricultural automation in the agricultural sector and to discuss the limitations and prospects for expanding the application of IoT technology in Korea.

Methods

The application of IoT in agriculture was classified and analyzed based on previous data, and the sensors and communication technologies used were compared. Based on the analysis results, the limitations of and prospects for IoT in agriculture were discussed.

Results

IoT was widely used in agriculture, such as management systems, monitoring systems, control systems, and unmanned machinery. In addition, the various wireless communication technologies used in agriculture, such as Wi-Fi, long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN), mobile communication (e.g., 2G, 3G, and 4G), ZigBee, and Bluetooth, were also used in IoT-based agriculture.

Conclusion

With the development of various communication technologies, such as 5G, it is expected that faster and broader IoT technologies will be applied to various agricultural processes in the future. IoT-based agriculture equipped with a communication system suitable for each agricultural environment can contribute to agricultural automation by increasing crop quality and production and reducing labor.

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Abbreviations

DGPS:

Differential global positioning system

GPRS:

General packet radio service

GPS:

Global positioning system

GSM:

Global system for mobile communications

IoT:

Internet of things

LoRa:

Long range

LoRaWAN:

Long-range wide area network

M2M:

Machine to machine

NFC:

Near-field communication

RFID:

Radio frequency identification

WSN:

Wireless sensor network

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Funding

This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry (IPET) through Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Research Center Support Program, funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (714002-07). It was also supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry (IPET) through Advanced Production Technology Development Program, funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (318072-03).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea

    Wan-Soo Kim & Yong-Joo Kim

  2. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, 1741 Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Won-Suk Lee

  3. Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea

    Yong-Joo Kim

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  1. Wan-Soo Kim
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Correspondence to Won-Suk Lee.

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Kim, WS., Lee, WS. & Kim, YJ. A Review of the Applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) for Agricultural Automation. J. Biosyst. Eng. 45, 385–400 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42853-020-00078-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42853-020-00078-3

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