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Prognosis of Alzheimer's Disease Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Apolipoprotein-E Genotype

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Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD), cerebrovascular disease, Lewy-body disease, and Frontal–temporal degeneration disease are the age-related cognitive impairments that cause dementia. However, AD is the primary cause of dementia that causes brain cell degeneration in the geriatric community. Brain cell degeneration is the crucial cause of AD, due to the abnormal accumulation of indissoluble clumps known as plaques and tangles in the human brain's neurons. Amyloid precursor protein levels and Apolipoprotein -E gene are the biomarkers of AD since it causes accumulations and hence blocks the neuron transport system throughout the body. The early onset of AD includes mild-cognitive impairment (MCI) that progresses to complete dementia. Many related works include AD prediction using clinical modality images and cognitive assessments scores of the individuals but have not addressed comparative genome study for significant subjects. However, there is a lack of affordable biomarkers for the effective early detection of high-risk individuals. In this study, we utilize one or more features of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tests and Apolipoprotein-E genotype sequence that provides more significant biomarkers for the early prediction. The ML classifiers including Support vector classifier, Gaussian process, AdaBoost, Random Forest, Decision trees learns the subset of patterns that predicts the AD with gene descriptors from microRNA expression profile and the profiled gene pattern. These significant multiple gene descriptors provide a supportive prediction methodology that apply genotype strength with the ensemble classifiers. The final optimal model is given by validation evaluations. The support vector classifier and Random Forest classifiers had given consistent results for disease conversion and progression from MRI attributes and had given promising results with the validation that showed accuracy greater than 80% and F1 weighted score of 0.8 in disease classification and prognosis. The experimental results had proven 95% accuracy in the saliency values of APOE isoforms implemented in DragonNN framework that will vary AD pathogenic. Hence particular focus and clinical interventions can be given on Aβ genome dependent subjects that predicts the disease.

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Acknowledgements

Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu). The ADNI was launched in 2003 as a public-private partnership, led by Principal Investigator Michael W. Weiner, MD. The primary goal of ADNI has been to test whether serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), other biological markers, and clinical and neuropsychological assessment can be combined to measure the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Gene expression dataset used in the study is obtained from genetic studies of ADNI repository.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India

    M. Rohini & S. Oswalt Manoj

  2. KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India

    D. Surendran

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  1. M. Rohini
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  2. D. Surendran
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Correspondence to M. Rohini.

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Rohini, M., Surendran, D. & Manoj, S.O. Prognosis of Alzheimer's Disease Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Apolipoprotein-E Genotype. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 17, 1445–1457 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-021-00967-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-021-00967-3

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