Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Energy Storage System Safety Operation Plan by Preventing Overcharge During Relaxation Time

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Large-capacity energy storage system (ESS) secure storage capacity by connecting batteries in parallel. When an ESS is fully charged, energy loss occurs due to passive cell balancing of the battery management system (BMS). A compensation current flows in from the batteries connected in parallel, and battery overcharge occurs. In particular, the number of cells being balanced in a battery stack connected in parallel is not constant. In a prior study, a charging problem that occurred after the complete charging of compensation current caused by the potential difference in the battery stack was resolved with the release of a parallel connection by opening the power relay assembly (PRA). We proposed a method that can be applied directly to the existing ESS only by charging S/W. There is no additional device cost. This study proposes a method to optimize the stabilization time when batteries are connected in parallel. To minimize the time to safely connect batteries in parallel, we propose a method of using the current limiting resistor of the PRA and cell balancing to avoid the effects of compensation current. It was verified through simulation using PSpice v16.6.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ESS:

Energy Storage System

BMS:

Battery Management System

PRA:

Power Relay Assembly

CCTV:

Closed-Circuit television

PCS:

Power Conditioning System

t1:

Initial time

t2:

Cell balancing time

Ibal :

Cell balancing current

Rbal :

Cell balancing resistance

N:

Number of cells with cell balancing operation

nmax :

Maximum number of cell balancing

ntotal :

Total number of cells

Ipre :

Precharge current

Rpre :

Precharge resistance

ADC:

Analog-to-Digital Converter

SOC:

State Of Charge

Pbal :

Power consumed by cell balancing

Pcp :

Compensating power

SECbal :

Cell balancing progress time

SECpre:

Pre-charge time

T∞ low :

Time the compensation current flows

OVP:

Over voltage protection

SP:

Short Protection

FET:

Field Effect Transistor

MCC-CV:

Multi-constant current-constant voltage

References

  1. Han-Sang J; Jaeho C; YougKwan C; Yeon-Ho O (2015) Study on the development of the renewable energy management system by using ESS. In: The Korean Institute Of Power Electronics, Power Electronics Conference, pp 107–108

  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYnVy6RML-w &feature =youtu.be

  3. http://www.nars.go.kr/report/view.do?cmsCode=CM 0155& brd Seq=29339

  4. Lee E-P (2019) Analysis of Car Fire Cases Related to a Lithium Battery and Cause Investigation Technique. Fire science and engineering 33(2):98–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. http://www.motie.go.kr/motiee/presse/press2/bbs/bbs View.d o?bbs_seq_n=161771&bbs_cd_n=81

  6. Jang HJ; Song T-S; Kim J-Y; Kim S-J; Jang T-H (2019) Study on analysis of fire factor and development direction of standard/safety requirement to keep safety for energy storage system (ESS). Soc Standards Certification Safety, pp 25–49

  7. Lee J, Kim J, Ryu K, Won C (2019) Operation control algorithm of ESS with high reliability. In: 2019 22nd international conference on electrical machines and systems (ICEMS), Harbin, China, pp 1–5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMS.2019.8921943

  8. Yun S-S, Kee S-C (2020) Analysis of the cell balancing effect on the ESS fire by simulating the Euljiro 3-ga subway ESS. Trans Korean Inst Power Electron 25(3):219–226

    Google Scholar 

  9. https://biz.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2020/02/06/2020/02/06/02799.html

  10. Gong X, Xiong R, Mi CC (2015) Study of the characteristics of battery packs in electric vehicles with parallel-connected lithium-ion battery cells. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 51(2):1872–1879

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Chun H et al (2019) Adaptive exploration harmony search for effective parameter estimation in an electrochemical lithium-ion battery model. IEEE Access 7:131501–131511. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2940968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ashiqur Rahman M, Sohel A, Afshin I (2016) Electrochemical model parameter identification of a lithium-ion battery using particle swarm optimization method. J Power Sour 307:86–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.083

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kim S-K, Choi S-G, Jin S-Y, Bang S-S (2019) An experimental study on fire risks due to overcharge and external heat of ESS lithium battery. Fire Sci Eng 33(4):59–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lou P, Xu G, Yue L, Cao Y, Cheng S, Deng H (2019) Current fire safety challenges on lithium ion battery for grid power storage system. In: 2019 4th international conference on power and renewable energy (ICPRE), Chengdu, China, pp 300–304

  15. Lee S, Kim J, Ha M, Song H (2018) Inrush current estimation for hot swap of the parallel connected large capacity battery pack, 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). Portland, OR, pp 2489–2492

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kim J-T, Lee S-Y, Park S-J, Cha H-J, Kim S-Y (2020) Analysis on insulation and protection characteristics of grid connected ESS in ground/short-circuit fault. KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy 6(2):119–122

    Google Scholar 

  17. https://www.renesas.com/cn/zh/www/doc/datasheet/ isl94212.pdf

  18. Yang B, Wang J, Sang Y, Yu L, Shu H, Li S, He T, Yang L, Zhang X, Yu T (2019) Applications of supercapacitor energy storage systems in microgrid with distributed generators via passive fractional-order sliding-mode control. Energy, Vol 187

  19. Yang B, Wang J, Sang Y, Yu L, Shu H, Li S, He T, Yang L, Zhang X, Yu T (2020) Design and implementation of Battery/SMES hybrid energy storage systems used in electric vehicles: a nonlinear robust fractional-order control approach. Energy, Vol 191

  20. Yang B, Wang J, Sang Y, Yu L, Shu H, Li S, He T, Yang L, Zhang X, Yu T (2019) Control of superconducting magnetic energy storage systems in grid-connected microgrids via memetic slap swarm algorithm: an optimal passive fractional-order PID approach. IET Generat Transmis Distribut, p 13

  21. Sanguk K, Dongho H, Seongjun L, Hyeon-Cheol S, Jonghoon K (2019) Voltage deviation analysis for battery pack Aging. In: Proceedings of the KIPE conference, the Korean institute of power electronics, pp 451–452

  22. https://www.motie.go.kr/motie/ne/motienewse/Motienews/bbs/bbsView.do?bbs_cd_n=2&bbs_seq_n=155117144

  23. Junghwan P, Hanju C (2014) HV relay control of battery management system for electric vehicle. In: The Korean institute of power electronics, power electronics conference, pp 141–142

  24. Yang X, Ma EWM, Pecht M (2012) Cell balancing technology in battery packs. In: 2012 13th international conference on electronic packaging technology & high density packaging, Guilin, pp 1038–1041

  25. Omariba ZB, Zhang L, Sun D (2019) Review of battery cell balancing methodologies for optimizing battery pack performance in electric vehicles. IEEE Access 7:129335–129352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. https://www.renesas.com/br/en/www/doc/datasheet/isl94212.pdf

  27. Hosseinzadeh E, Odio MX, Marco J, Jennings P (2019) Unballanced performance of parallel connected large format Lithium ion batteries for electric vehicle application. In: International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST), Porto, Portugal, pp 1–6

  28. Pham V, Nguyen T, Tran D, Vu V, Woojin C (2016) A new cell-to-cell fast balancing circuit for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage system. In: IEEE 8th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC-ECCE Asia), Hefei, pp 2461–2465

  29. Song Y, Park M, Seo M, Kim SW (2019) Improved SOC estimation of lithium-ion batteries with novel SOC-OCV curve estimation method using equivalent circuit model. In: 4th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech), Split, Croatia, pp 1–6

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) grant funded by the Korea Government (MOTIE) (N0002428, The Competency Development Program for Industry Specialist).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Korea

    Seok-Cheol Kee & Sang Sun Yun

Authors
  1. Seok-Cheol Kee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sang Sun Yun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seok-Cheol Kee.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kee, SC., Yun, S.S. Energy Storage System Safety Operation Plan by Preventing Overcharge During Relaxation Time. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 16, 1941–1953 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-021-00749-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-021-00749-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation