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Analysis of the Effects of PSS and Renewable Integration to an Inter-Area Power Network to Improve Small Signal Stability

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Abstract

Power system often suffers from low frequency oscillations (LFOs) which might result in instability in the long run, if allowed to sustain in the system for a long time. In order to mitigate these oscillations, power system stabilizers (PSS) are used through excitation control. Three recently developed meta-heuristic algorithms namely: Collective Decision Optimization (CDO), Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) and Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) have been applied for the optimal tuning of PSS parameters for small signal stability analysis of a renewable integrated power network. This was done by designing a conventional speed-based lead-lag PSS in a multi-machine interconnected power system, whose parameters have been tuned using CDO, GOA and SSA in a way to shift all the eigenvalues associated to electromechanical modes to the left half of S plane. Comparison of the results obtained by the algorithms demonstrates the superiority of SSA over GOA and CDO to boost the overall system stability over a wide range of operating conditions. The PSS controller designed using SSA is observed to be more robust and efficient in damping out oscillations under different operating conditions.

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Abbreviations

PSSs:

Power system stabilizers

CDO:

Collective Decision Optimization

GOA:

Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm

SSA:

Salp Swarm Algorithm

PLL:

Phase Locked Loop

MPPT:

Maximum Power Point Tracking

LFOs:

Low frequency oscillations

LTI:

Linear time-invariant

RS and RP :

Parasitic resistance

D:

Duty ratio

\(\Delta \omega\) :

Angular Frequency Deviation

\(\delta\) :

Rotor Electrical Angular Position

\(P_{e}\) :

Output electrical power

\(i_{fd}\) :

Field current

\(V_{t}\) :

Generator terminal voltage

\(X^{\prime}_{d}\) :

Direct axis transient reactance

\(R_{f}\) :

Rate feedback

\(E^{\prime}_{d}\) :

Direct axis component of voltage behind \(X^{\prime}_{q}\)

\(T_{A}\) :

Voltage regulator time constant

\(T_{2}\) and \(T_{4}\) :

Phase-lag time constants

GH :

Grasshopper

LD :

Leaders

FL :

Followers

ub :

Upper bound

lb :

Lower bound

DAE:

Differential algebraic equations

SSSA:

Small signal stability analysis

PV:

Photovoltaic

G:

Solar irradiation

\({\Delta I}_{L}\) :

Ripple current

\(T_{w}\) :

Time constant of washout filter

\(E_{fd}\) :

Field voltage

H :

Inertia constant of the generator

\(T^{\prime}_{d0}\) :

Short circuit direct axis transient time constant

\(X_{d}\) :

Direct axis synchronous reactance

\(X^{\prime}_{q}\) :

Quadrature axis transient reactance

\(T_{M}\) :

Mechanical torque to the shaft

\(S_{E} (E_{fd} )\) :

Saturation function

\(K_{PSS}\) :

Power system stabilizer gain

\(J\) :

Objective function

WSCC:

Western system coordinating council

maxFE:

Maximum fitness evaluation

FE:

Fitness evaluation

SW:

Swarm

EMs:

Electromechanical modes

VSI:

Voltage source inverter

STC:

Standard temperature condition

SOFs:

Sub-objective functions

L:

Inductor

C:

DC link capacitor

\(\omega\) :

Rotor electrical angular velocity

\(P_{m}\) :

Input mechanical power

\(\xi\) :

Damping ratio

\(T^{\prime}_{q0}\) :

Short circuit quadrature axis transient time constant

\(X_{q}\) :

Quadrature axis synchronous reactance

\(V_{R}\) :

Output of Aaplifier

\(E^{\prime}_{q}\) :

Quadrature axis component of voltage behind \(X^{\prime}_{d}\)

\(K_{A}\) :

Voltage regulator gain

\(\sigma\) :

Real part of eigenvalues

\(T_{1}\) and \(T_{3}\) :

Phase-lead time constants

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, Sikkim, 737139, India

    Prasenjit Dey & Anulekha Saha

  2. Electrical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India

    Aniruddha Bhattacharya

  3. School of Electrical Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand

    Boonruang Marungsri

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  1. Prasenjit Dey
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  2. Anulekha Saha
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  3. Aniruddha Bhattacharya
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  4. Boonruang Marungsri
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Correspondence to Prasenjit Dey.

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Dey, P., Saha, A., Bhattacharya, A. et al. Analysis of the Effects of PSS and Renewable Integration to an Inter-Area Power Network to Improve Small Signal Stability. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 15, 2057–2077 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-020-00499-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-020-00499-2

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