Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Electrochemical sensor based on CuO/reduced graphene nanoribbons and ionic liquid for simultaneous determination of tramadol, olanzapine and acetaminophen

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Carbon Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present investigation, a new electrochemical sensor based on carbon paste electrode was applied to simultaneous determine the tramadol, olanzapine and acetaminophen for the first time. The CuO/reduced graphene nanoribbons (rGNR) nanocomposites and 1-ethyl 3-methyl imidazolinium chloride as ionic liquid (IL) were employed as modifiers. The electro-oxidation of these drugs at the surface of the modified electrode was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry. Various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were used to validate the structure of CuO-rGNR nanocomposites. This sensor displayed a superb electro catalytic oxidation activity and good sensitivity. Under optimized conditions, the results showed the linear in the concentration range of 0.08–900 μM and detection limit (LOD) was achieved to be 0.05 μM. The suggested technique was effectively used to the determination of tramadol in pharmaceuticals and human serum samples. For the first time, the present study demonstrated the synthesis and utilization of the porous nanocomposites to make a unique and sensitive electrode and ionic liquid for electrode modification to co-measurement of these drugs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Ricardo-Teixeira Tarley C, de Cássia Mendonça J, Rianne da Rocha L, Boareto Capelari T, Carolyne Prete M, Cecílio Fonseca M, Midori de-Oliveira F, César Pereira A, Luiz Scheel G, Bastos Borges K, Gava Segatelli M (2020) Development of a molecularly imprinted poly(acrylic acid)-MWCNT nanocomposite electrochemical sensor for tramadol determination in pharmaceutical samples. Electroanalysis 32:1130–1137. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201900148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Pereira FJ, Rodríguez-Cordero A, López R, Robles LC, Aller AJ (2021) Development and validation of an rp-hplc-pda method for determination of paracetamol, caffeine and tramadol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations. Pharmaceuticals. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14050466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Patteet L, Morrens M, Maudens KE, Niemegeers P, Sabbe B, Neels H (2012) Therapeutic drug monitoring of common antipsychotics. Ther Drug Monit 34:629–651. https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182708ec5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Mohammadi-Behzad L, Gholivand MB, Shamsipur M, Gholivand K, Barati A, Gholami A (2016) Highly sensitive voltammetric sensor based on immobilization of bisphosphoramidate-derivative and quantum dots onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified gold electrode for the electrocatalytic determination of olanzapine. Mater Sci Eng C 60:67–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.068

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Rouhani M, Soleymanpour A (2019) A new selective carbon paste electrode for potentiometric analysis of olanzapine. Meas J Int Meas Confed 140:472–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.04.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Muthusankar A, Sangili SM, Chen R, Karkuzhali M, Sethupathi G, Gopu S, Karthick RK, Devi N (2018) Sengottuvelan, In situ assembly of sulfur-doped carbon quantum dots surrounded iron(III) oxide nanocomposite; a novel electrocatalystanesan for highly sensitive detection of antipsychotic drug olanzapine. J Mol Liq 268:471–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.07.059

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Filik H, Avan AA, Aydar S, Çetintaş G (2014) Determination of acetaminophen in the presence of ascorbic acid using a glassy carbon electrode modified with poly(Caffeic acid). Int J Electrochem Sci 9:148–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Jahani PM, Mohammadi SZ, Khodabakhshzadeh A, Asl MS, Jang HW, Shokouhimehr M, Zhang K, Van Le Q, Peng W (2020) Simultenous voltammetric detection of acetaminophen and tramadol using molybdenum tungsten disulfide-modified graphite screen-printed electrode. Int J Electrochem Sci 15:9024–9036. https://doi.org/10.20964/2020.09.12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Shi H, Zheng Y, Karimi-Maleh H, Fu L (2021) Alginate-modified Cassava fiber loaded palladium for electochemical paracetamol analysis. Int J Electrochem Sci 16:1–10. https://doi.org/10.20964/2021.10.24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Islam MM, Arifuzzaman M, Rushd S, Islam MK, Rahman MM (2022) Electrochemical sensor based on poly (aspartic acid) modified carbon paste electrode for paracetamol determination. Int J Electrochem Sci. https://doi.org/10.20964/2022.02.39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Zheng B, He X, Zhang Q, Duan M (2022) A novel molecularly imprinted membrane for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of paracetamol. Int J Electrochem Sci 17:1–11. https://doi.org/10.20964/2022.07.37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Beakley BD, Kaye AM, Kaye AD (2015) Tramadol, pharmacology, side effects, and serotonin syndrome: a review. Pain Physician 18:395–400. https://doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2015/18/395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Dahshan HE, Helal MA, Mostafa SM, Elgawish MS (2019) Development and validation of an HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of sildenafil and tramadol in biological fluids: Application to drug-drug interaction study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 168:201–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2019.02.025

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Atila Karaca S, Yeniceli Uğur D (2018) Development of a validated hplc method for simultaneous determination of olanzapine and aripiprazole in human plasma, Marmara. Pharm J 22:493–501. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrp.2018.90

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Tanaka H, Naito T, Mino Y, Kawakami J (2016) Validated determination method of tramadol and its desmethylates in human plasma using an isocratic LC-MS/MS and its clinical application to patients with cancer pain or non-cancer pain. J Pharm Heal Care Sci 2:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40780-016-0059-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lu W, Zhao S, Gong M, Sun L, Ding L (2018) Simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and oxycodone in human plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Anal 8:160–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2018.01.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Khelfi A, Azzouz M, Abtroun R, Reggabi M, Alamir B (2018) Sulpiride in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Res Artic Determ Chlorpromazine 2018:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5807218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kimani MM, Lanzarotta A, Batson JCS (2021) Trace level detection of select opioids (fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and tramadol) in suspect pharmaceutical tablets using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with handheld devices. J Forensic Sci 66:491–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14600

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Alharbi O, Xu Y, Goodacre R (2015) Detection and quantification of the opioid tramadol in urine using surface enhanced Raman scattering. Analyst 140:5965–5970. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5an01177a

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Al-Otaibi JS, Albrycht P, Mary YS, Mary YS, Księżopolska-Gocalska M (2021) Concentration-dependent SERS profile of olanzapine on silver and silver-gold metallic substrates. Chem Pap 75:6059–6072. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01783-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sefaty B, Masrournia M, Eshaghi Z, Bozorgmehr MR (2021) Determination of tramadol and fluoxetine in biological and water samples by magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction (MDSPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Anal Lett 54:884–902. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2020.1786695

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Adegoke OA, Thomas OE, Emmanuel SN (2016) Colorimetric determination of olanzapine via charge-transfer complexation with chloranilic acid. J Taibah Univ Sci 10:651–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.12.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Shihana F, Dissanayake D, Dargan P, Dawson A (2010) A modified low-cost colorimetric method for paracetamol (acetaminophen) measurement in plasma. Clin Toxicol 48:42–46. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650903443137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Khairy M, Banks CE (2020) A screen-printed electrochemical sensing platform surface modified with nanostructured ytterbium oxide nanoplates facilitating the electroanalytical sensing of the analgesic drugs acetaminophen and tramadol. Microchim Acta. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-4118-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh F, Shahrokhian S, Mohammadi A, Dinarvand R (2010) Simultaneous voltammetric determination of tramadol and acetaminophen using carbon nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. Electrochim Acta 55:2752–2759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.12.052

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Arabali V, Malekmohammadi S, Karimi F (2020) Surface amplification of pencil graphite electrode using CuO nanoparticle/polypyrrole nanocomposite; a powerful electrochemical strategy for determination of tramadol. Microchem J 158:105179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.105179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kolahi-Ahari S, Deiminiat B, Rounaghi GH (2020) Modification of a pencil graphite electrode with multiwalled carbon nanotubes capped gold nanoparticles for electrochemical determination of tramadol. J Electroanal Chem 862:113996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.113996

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Rao L, Zhu Y, Duan Z, Xue T, Duan X, Wen Y, Kumar AS, Zhang W, Xu J, Hojjati-Najafabadi A (2022) Lotus seedpods biochar decorated molybdenum disulfide for portable, flexible, outdoor and inexpensive sensing of hyperin. Chemosphere 301:134595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134595

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Monsef R, Salavati-Niasari M (2021) Hydrothermal architecture of Cu5V2O10 nanostructures as new electro-sensing catalysts for voltammetric quantification of mefenamic acid in pharmaceuticals and biological samples. Biosens Bioelectron 178:113017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2021.113017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Mansoorianfar M, Nabipour H, Pahlevani F, Zhao Y, Hussain Z, Hojjati-Najafabadi A, Hoang HY, Pei R (2022) Recent progress on adsorption of cadmium ions from water systems using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as an efficient class of porous materials. Environ Res 214:114113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Baladi E, Davar F, Hojjati-Najafabadi A (2022) Synthesis and characterization of g–C3N4–CoFe2O4–ZnO magnetic nanocomposites for enhancing photocatalytic activity with visible light for degradation of penicillin G antibiotic. Environ Res 215:114270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Hojjati-Najafabadi A, Rahmanpour MS, Karimi F, Zabihi-Feyzaba H, Malekmohammad S, Agarwal S, Gupta VK, Khalilzadeh MA (2020) Determination of tert-butylhydroquinone using a nanostructured sensor based on CdO/SWCNTs and ionic liquid. Int J Electrochem Sci 15:6969–6980. https://doi.org/10.20964/2020.07.85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hojjati-Najafabadi A, Aygun A, Tiri RNE, Gulbagca F, Lounissaa MI, Feng P, Karimi F, Sen F (2022) Bacillus thuringiensis based ruthenium/nickel Co-doped zinc as a green nanocatalyst: enhanced photocatalytic activity, mechanism, and efficient H2production from sodium borohydride methanolysis. Ind Eng Chem Res. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03833

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Bijad M, Hojjati-Najafabadi A, Asari-Bami H, Habibzadeh S, Amini I, Fazeli F (2021) An overview of modified sensors with focus on electrochemical sensing of sulfite in food samples. Eurasian Chem Commun 3:116–138. https://doi.org/10.22034/ecc.2021.268819.1122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hojjati-Najafabadi A, Salmanpour S, Sen F, Asrami PN, Mahdavian M, Khalilzadeh MA (2022) A tramadol drug electrochemical sensor amplified by biosynthesized au nanoparticle using mentha aquatic extract and ionic liquid. Top Catal 65:587–594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-021-01498-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Chen D, Feng H, Li J, Al-Nafiey AKH, Lin F, Tong X, Wang Y, Bao J, Wang ZM, Marcano DC, Kosynkin DV, Berlin JM, Sinitskii A, Sun Z, Slesarev AS, Alemany LB, Lu W, Tour JM (2015) Reduced graphene oxide-based nanocomposites: synthesis, characterization and applications. Nanoscale Res Lett 12:2078–2078. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b00128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Karimi-Maleh H, Darabi R, Karimi F, Karaman C, Shahidi SA, Zare N, Baghayeri M, Fu L, Rostamnia S, Rouhi J, Rajendran S (2023) State-of-art advances on removal, degradation and electrochemical monitoring of 4-aminophenol pollutants in real samples: a review. Environ Res 222:115338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.115338

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hojjati-Najafabadi A, Mansoorianfar M, Liang T, Shahin K, Karimi-Maleh H (2022) A review on magnetic sensors for monitoring of hazardous pollutants in water resources. Sci Total Environ 824:153844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153844

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Buledi JA, Mahar N, Mallah A, Solangi AR, Palabiyik IM, Qambrani N, Karimi F, Vasseghian Y, Karimi-Maleh H (2022) Electrochemical quantification of mancozeb through tungsten oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: a potential method for environmental remediation. Food Chem Toxicol 161:112843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2022.112843

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Cheraghi S, Taher MA, Karimi-Maleh H, Karimi F, Shabani-Nooshabadi M, Alizadeh M, Al-Othman A, Erk N, Yegya Raman PK, Karaman C (2022) Novel enzymatic graphene oxide based biosensor for the detection of glutathione in biological body fluids. Chemosphere 287:132187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Avinash B, Ravikumar CR, Kumar MRA, Nagaswarupa HP, Santosh MS, Bhatt AS, Kuznetsov D (2019) Nano CuO: electrochemical sensor for the determination of paracetamol and D-glucose. J Phys Chem Solids 134:193–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2019.06.012

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Li Y, Cheng C, Yang YP, Dun XJ, Gao J, Jin XJ (2019) A novel electrochemical sensor based on CuO/H-C3N4/rGO nanocomposite for efficient electrochemical sensing nitrite. J Alloys Compd 798:764–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.05.137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Terrones M, Botello-Méndez AR, Campos-Delgado J, López-Urías F, Vega-Cantú YI, Rodríguez-Macías FJ, Elías AL, Muñoz-Sandoval E, Cano-Márquez AG, Charlier JC, Terrones H (2010) Graphene and graphite nanoribbons: morphology, properties, synthesis, defects and applications. Nano Today 5:351–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2010.06.010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Liu J, Liu Z, Barrow CJ, Yang W (2015) Molecularly engineered graphene surfaces for sensing applications: a review. Anal Chim Acta 859:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2014.07.031

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Swamy NK, Mohana KNS, Hegde MB, Madhusudana AM, Rajitha K, Nayak SR (2021) Fabrication of graphene nanoribbon-based enzyme-free electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective analysis of rutin in tablets. J Appl Electrochem 51:1047–1057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-021-01557-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Darabi R, Shabani-Nooshabadi M, Khoobi A (2021) A potential strategy for simultaneous determination of deferoxamine and vitamin C using MCR-ALS with nanostructured electrochemical sensor in serum and urine of Thalassemia and diabetic patients. J Electrochem Soc 168:46514. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abf6ed

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Karimi-Maleh H, Sheikhshoaie M, Sheikhshoaie I, Ranjbar M, Alizadeh J, Maxakato NW, Abbaspourrad A (2019) A novel electrochemical epinine sensor using amplified CuO nanoparticles and a: N -hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate electrode. New J Chem 43:2362–2367. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nj05581e

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Matsumoto H, Imaizumi S, Konosu Y, Ashizawa M, Minagawa M, Tanioka A, Lu W, Tour JM (2013) Electrospun composite nanofiber yarns containing oriented graphene nanoribbons. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:6225–6231. https://doi.org/10.1021/am401161b

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Shang S, Gan L, Yuen CWM, Jiang SX, Luo NM (2015) The synthesis of graphene nanoribbon and its reinforcing effect on poly (vinyl alcohol). Compos Part A 68:149–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.10.011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Abdel-Aal SK, Beskrovnyi AI, Ionov AM, Mozhchil RN, Abdel-Rahman AS (2021) Structure investigation by neutron diffraction and X-ray diffraction of graphene nanocomposite CuO–rGO prepared by low-cost method. Phys Status Solidi Appl Mater Sci 218:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202100138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

    Hamed Shahinfard, Mehdi Shabani-Nooshabadi & Adel Reisi-Vanani

  2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

    Mehdi Shabani-Nooshabadi & Rozhin Darabi

Authors
  1. Hamed Shahinfard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mehdi Shabani-Nooshabadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Adel Reisi-Vanani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rozhin Darabi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

HS: Investigation, MS-N: Supervision, Validation, AR-V: Supervision, Investigation, RD: Investigation, Roles/Writing – original draft.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mehdi Shabani-Nooshabadi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shahinfard, H., Shabani-Nooshabadi, M., Reisi-Vanani, A. et al. Electrochemical sensor based on CuO/reduced graphene nanoribbons and ionic liquid for simultaneous determination of tramadol, olanzapine and acetaminophen. Carbon Lett. 33, 1433–1444 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-023-00512-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-023-00512-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation