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Earthworm rather than biochar and sodium silicate addition increased bacterial diversity in mining areas subjected to chemical fertilization

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Abstract

The addition of biochar, sodium silicate, or earthworm is a feasible practice to repair soils disturbed by mining activities, and the reclamation is largely based on the alteration of the diversity and structure of soil bacteria. The objectives of this study were to assess the relative importance of these supplements on soil bacterial community diversity and structure in reclaimed mine areas. A field experiment with soybean was carried out in mining areas to assess the efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers plus those supplements on soil bacterial community structure and diversity by the 16S rRNA sequencing method. Soil chemical properties were analyzed to their effects on the bacterial community structure. The results showed that the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers significantly increased bacterial diversity, and a further increase was observed in NPK plus biochar, sodium silicate or earthworm addition. Furthermore, a higher number of genera were found in the NPK plus biochar and NPK plus earthworm treatments than that in the control, NPK and NPK plus sodium silicate treatments. The bacterial community was significantly associated with nutrients, such as carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Moreover, soil organic carbon (SOC) and pH were the most dominant factors in shaping the soil bacterial community structure and diversity. Our data indicate that the addition of earthworms to soil rather than biochar and sodium silicate was the best strategy to mitigate the detrimental effects of mining activities on soil bacterial diversity.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [31700091]; National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFD0101500]; The Central Government Forestry Science and Technology Promotion and Demonstration Projects [(2015) GDTK—08]; Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project [2017KJCX033]; and the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province [2015A020209139, 2015B020207002].

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  1. Tengxiang Lian and Ling Ma contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China

    Tengxiang Lian, Ling Ma, Yajun Zeng, Qibin Li, Xiaoyang Chen & Hai Nian

  2. The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China

    Tengxiang Lian & Hai Nian

  3. Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China

    Ling Ma, Yajun Zeng, Qibin Li & Xiaoyang Chen

  4. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada

    Ling Ma & Scott X. Chang

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  1. Tengxiang Lian
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Correspondence to Tengxiang Lian, Xiaoyang Chen or Hai Nian.

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Lian, T., Ma, L., Zeng, Y. et al. Earthworm rather than biochar and sodium silicate addition increased bacterial diversity in mining areas subjected to chemical fertilization. Biochar 1, 365–374 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-019-00034-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-019-00034-1

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