Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) have been identified in several animal species, including dogs (canine papillomaviruses, CPVs) and cattle (bovine papillomaviruses, BPVs). Although some BPVs may occasionally infect species other than cattle, to the best of our knowledge, BPVs have not been reported in dogs to date. Herein, we carried out a retrospective phylogenetic study of PVs circulating in dogs from southern Brazil between 2017 and 2022, also investigating possible mixed infections and spillover events. For this, we screened 32 canine papilloma samples by PCR using the degenerate primers FAP59/64 and/or MY09/11, which amplify different regions of the L1 gene; the genomic target often used for PV classification/typing. Out these, 23 PV DNA samples were successfully amplified and sequenced. All PVs amplified by FAP59/64 (n = 22) were classified as CPV-1. On the other hand, PVs amplified by MY09/11 (n = 4) were classified as putative BPV-1. Among these, three samples showed mixed infection by CPV-1 and putative BPV-1. One of the putative BPV-1 detected in co-infected samples had the L1 gene full-sequenced, confirming the gene identity. Furthermore, the phylogenetic classifications from the FAP59/64 and/or MY09/11 amplicons were supported by a careful in silico analysis, which demonstrated that the analysis based on them matches to the classification from the complete L1 gene. Overall, we described CPV-1 circulation in southern Brazil over the years and the potencial BPV infection in dogs (potential spillover event), as well as possible CPV/1/BPV-1 co-infections. Finally, we suggest the analysis of the complete genome of the putative BPVs detected in dogs in order to deepen the knowledge about the PV-host interactions.
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Acknowledgements
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) (IM, CIM) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (TRRL, PSBO) funding agencies for scholarships. JVJSJr was supported by Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) DTI-A-1. EFF (process 301414/2010-6) and RW (process 303981/2022-9) were supported by CNPq research fellowships.
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The Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (UFSM), of which IM, CIM, TRRL and PSBO were/are students, is partially supported by CAPES (Finance code 001).
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IM: conceptualization, experiments, data interpretation, draft and final writing; CIM: experiments and data interpretation; TRRL: experiments and data interpretation; PSBO: experiments and data interpretation; JVJSJr: conceptualization, data interpretation and final writing; MCSB: supply of samples, data interpretation and critical review; RW: data interpretation and critical review; EFF: conceptualization, data interpretation, critical review and supervision.
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42770_2024_1349_MOESM2_ESM.pdf
The phylogenetic analysis was performed based on complete L1 sequences (A), complete FAP59/64 (B) and MY09/11 (C), and partial FAP59/64 (D) and MY09/11 (E). Analyses were performed by the Maximum Likelihood method, using the MEGA X software (version 10.2.4) (see Table 1). Bootstrap values were calculated based on 1,000 replicates. The genus Chipapillomavirus is divided into three species (Chi 1, 2 and 3), Lambdapapillomavirus into two species (Lambda 2 and 3) and Taupapillomavirus into two species (Tau 1 and 2), with CPV-21, -22 and -23 not yet have been identified into species. Supplementary file2 (PDF 560 KB)
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Merchioratto, I., Mucellini, C.I., Lopes, T.R.R. et al. Phylogenetic analysis of papillomaviruses in dogs from southern Brazil: molecular epidemiology and investigation of mixed infections and spillover events. Braz J Microbiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-024-01349-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-024-01349-3