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Subclinical circulation of Chicken infectious anaemia virus- A Sero-molecular study

  • Veterinary Microbiology - Research Paper
  • Published:
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Abstract

Chicken infectious anaemia—an important immunosuppressive viral disease of chicken—gained much attention in the recent past. Based on huge mortality and production loss observed in the fast-growing poultry sector, the present study aimed to find out the current status of the chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV), among chicken flocks in the Punjab state of India by sero-molecular study. The sera from the blood samples were tested for anti-CIAV antibodies by indirect ELISA and also compared with haematological parameters. DNA from sero-positive samples underwent PCR amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the most conserved genomic region (VP3 gene) to detect viraemia in asymptomatic birds. The serological study using indirect ELISA showed a high sero-positivity of 77.27% in chicken flocks. Additionally, the present study also revealed the high molecular evidence (72.54%) of CIAV in apparently healthy birds. Genetic analysis showed that all CIAVs have conserved VP3 genes without any nucleotide substitutions, indicating presence of CIAV and its subclinical circulation among apparently healthy flocks. The wide distribution of CIAV among birds may be the reason for huge mortality and production loss. Further, it is suggested that studies be conducted to find out the co-involvement of CIAV with other immunosuppressive microbial agents and the immunosuppressive effect of CIAV in apparently healthy birds. Also, its role in vaccine failure and outbreaks of various other avian diseases needs to be explored.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the Nucleotide database repository (Accession Numbers MK385597 to MK385601) of GenBank, NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MK385597).

Abbreviations

CIAV:

Chicken infectious anaemia virus

CIA:

Chicken infectious anaemia

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

IAEC:

Institutional Animal Ethics Committee

PCV:

Packed cell volume

DLC:

Differential leukocyte count

Hb:

Haemoglobin

TEC:

Total erythrocyte count

TLC:

Total leukocyte count

I-ELISA:

Indirect enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay

NFW:

Nuclease-free water

NTC:

Negative control

BLAST:

Basic Local Alignment Search Tool

ML:

Maximum likelihood

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Director of Research, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana for providing the necessary facilities. Financial assistance from DST in the form of a WOS-A fellowship to the first author is also duly acknowledged. We also thank the veterinarians, staff, owners and birds who have helped to collect samples and share the data for the successful completion of this work.

Funding

This study was supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) project under the Women Scientist scheme -A (No. SR/WOS -A/LS -253/2016) -Government of India.

Author information

Author notes

  1. S. M. Sreekala

    Present address: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Rampura Phul, Punjab, India, 151103

  2. P. N. Dwivedi

    Present address: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Khalsa College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143002

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, 141004

    S. M. Sreekala, Gurpreet Kaur & P. N. Dwivedi

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Contributions

S. S.M.: funding acquisition. The idea for research or hypothesis/article generation. Administration of project. Data and sample collection, planning methods, validation, responsibility for conducting a literature search, responsibility for the logical interpretation and presentation of the results. Writing—the original draft. G. K.: supervision and responsibility for the organization and course of the project. Responsibility for writing review and editing of article. D. P.: conceptualization, supervision, validation of the project. Providing resources, tools, instruments and personnel vital to the project. Reviewing the final article before submission for intellectual content.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. M. Sreekala.

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Ethical approval

Animal studies have been approved by the institutional animal ethics committee (vide Memo No: IAEC/2016/310–335) for the collection of blood samples from live birds and have therefore been performed following ethical standards.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no known conflict of interest. Sreekala S.M. reports financial support, equipment, chemicals or supplies, and travel were provided by the Department of Science and Technology (Ministry of Science & Technology), India.

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Sreekala, S.M., Kaur, G. & Dwivedi, P.N. Subclinical circulation of Chicken infectious anaemia virus- A Sero-molecular study. Braz J Microbiol 55, 925–932 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-01223-8

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