Abstract
Sugarcane leaf fleck incited by Sugarcane bacilliform virus is emerging as a major disease and affecting exchange of sugarcane germplasm and cultivation worldwide. Roving surveys conducted in 162 fields belonging to 81 villages spread over 14 sugarcane growing districts of Andhra Pradesh during 2021–2022 revealed 8 to 44% incidence of the disease. Mean maximum fleck disease incidence was reported in Anakapalli district (33.00%) followed by Srikakulam district (22.66%), whereas least incidence was observed in Alluri Sitharamaraju district (9.33%). The early and sensitive detection of pathogens is vital and necessary to reduce the danger of introducing new diseases or pathogen strains into sugarcane growing regions. Both serological and molecular methods were used in proposed investigation to identify the virus at the protein and nucleic acid levels. DAS-ELISA results were positive for 50 suspected SCBV infected sugarcane leaf samples out of 81, with mean absorbance (A405) values ranging from 0.50 to 2.20. Further PCR assays were performed using SCBV-specific primers targeting RT/RNase H coding region which is frequently employed as a taxonomic marker for species delineation in Badnaviruses. Out of 81 symptomatic samples collected, 61 samples gave positive results, and no amplification was observed in healthy control and negative control. Results made it evident that PCR was more sensitive than DAS-ELISA. Low virus concentration or variation in virus strains may be the reason for the low detection rate in DAS-ELISA in the current study. Extensive roving surveys conducted for the incidence of leaf fleck disease for the first time in the state of Andhra Pradesh revealed severe occurrence of leaf fleck disease under field conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
References
FAOSTAT (2021) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Italy, Rome http://faostat.fao.org/
Anonymous (2021) Area, production and productivity of sugarcane. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, GOI
Fernandez E, Ferdinand R, Filloux D (2020) Improvements in virus detection at CIRAD’s sugarcane quarantine using both viral metagenomics and PCR-based approaches. Sugar Tech 22:498–503
Karuppaiah R, Viswanathan R, Kumar VG (2013) Genetic diversity of Sugarcane bacilliform virus isolates infecting Saccharum spp. in India. Vir Genes 46:505–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-013-0890-6
Autrey LJC, Boolell S, Lockhart BEL, Jones P, Nadif A (1992) Proceedings of international society of sugarcane technology Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, vol 21. International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, pp 527–541
Viswanathan R, Alexander KC, Garg ID (1996) Detection of Sugarcane bacilliform virus in sugarcane germplasm. Acta Virologica 40(1):5–8
Viswanathan R, Karuppaiah R, Bagyalakshmi K, Balan S, Kaverinathan K (2019) Emergence of leaf fleck caused by Sugarcane bacilliform virus in sugarcane as a serious disease under field conditions in India. Int Sugar J 121:146–153. https://doi.org/10.37580/JSR.2020.1.10.74-86
Lockhart BEL, Irey MJ, Comstock JC (1996) Sugarcane bacilliform virus, sugarcane mild mosaic virus and sugarcane yellow leaf syndrome. In: In Sugarcane germplasm conservation and exchange: report of an international workshop held in Brisbane. Canberra, Queensland, Australia, 28-30 June 1995
Lockhart BEL, Autrey LJC, Comstock JC (1992) Partial purification and serology of Sugarcane mild mosaic virus, a mealy bug transmitted closterolike virus. Phytopathol 82:691–695
Balan S, Viswanathan R, Cherian K (2020) Status of leaf fleck caused by Sugarcane bacilliform virus incidence and severity in different sugarcane growing areas of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. J Sugarcane Res 10(1):74–86. https://doi.org/10.37580/JSR.2020.1.10
Lockhart BEL, Autrey LJC (2000) Sugarcane bacilliform virus. A guide to sugarcane diseases. Editions Quae, France, pp 268–272
Comstock JC, Lockhart BEL (1996) Effect of sugarcane bacilliform virus on biomass production of three sugarcane cultivars. Sugar Cane 4:12–15
Singh M, Gaur RK, Rao GP (2003) Distribution of sugarcane bacilliform virus in India. J Mycology Plant Pathol 33:406–410
Varma PK, Vani CS, Kumar PP, Chandrasekhar VC, Bharathalakshmi M (2020) Survey for sugarcane diseases in major sugarcane growing areas of Andhra Pradesh, India. Int J of Curr Microbiol Applied Sci 9(8):1865–1873. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.908.213
Janiga PK, Nithya K, Viswanathan R (2022) Dynamics of genetic diversity among Indian Sugarcane bacilliform virus species and implications of associated recombination events in the virus. Sugar Tech, pp 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-713719/v2
Clark MF, Adams AN (1977) Characteristics of the microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. J virol 34(3):475–483. https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-34-3-475
Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bull 19:11–15
Geering ADW, Hull R (2012) Family Caulimoviridae. Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses: ninth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Elsevier San Diego, Calif, USA, pp 424–443
Jayanthi R, Srikanth J, Sushil SN (2016) Sugarcane mealybugs and their management in agricultural and horticultural crops, vol 1. Springer, New Delhi, pp 287–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2677-2_28
Viswanathan R (1994) Detection of sugarcane virus and MLO diseases. Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Annual Report for 1993-1994, pp 56–59
Balamuralikrishnan M, Viswanathan R (2005) Comparison of PCR and DAC-ELISA for the diagnosis of Sugarcane bacilliform virus in sugarcane. Sugar Tech 7:119–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02950595
Balamuralikrishnan M, Doraisamy S, Ganapathy T, Viswanathan R (2004) Note: comparison of antibody-and genome-based diagnostic techniques for Sugarcane mosaic virus in sugarcane. Phytoparasitica 32:52–56
Madugula S, Gali UD (2017) Virus indexing for Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) in field varieties and in vitro regenerated plantlets of sugarcane. Australasian Plant Pathol 46:433–439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-017-0505-0
Madugula S, Gali UD (2018) Detection of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) causing yellow leaf disease (YLD) of sugarcane using serological and molecular tools. Int Clin Pathol J 6(2):58–62. https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2018.06.00157
Scagliusi SMM, Basu SK, de Gouvea JA, Vega J (2009) Comparison of two diagnostic methods for evaluation of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus concentration in Brazilian sugarcane cultivars. Funct Plant Sci Biotechnol 3:26–30
Viswanathan R, Balamuralikrishnan M, Premachandran MN, Tripathi BK (1999) Sugarcane Bacilliform virus: symptoms, detection and distribution in the world germplasm collection at Cannanore. Proc Intern Soc Sugar Cane Technol 23(2):347–354
Braithwaite KS, Egeskov NM, Smith GR (1995) Detection of Sugarcane bacilliform virus using the polymerase chain reaction. Plant Dis 79:792–796
Rao GP, Sharma SK, Singh D, Arya M, Sing P, Baranwal VK (2014) Genetically diverse variants of Sugarcane bacilliform virus infecting sugarcane in India and evidence of a novel recombinant badnavirus variant. J Phytopathol 162(11-12):779–787. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12270
Muller E, Dupuy V, Blondin L, Bauffe F, Daugrois JH, Nathalie L, Iskra-Caruana ML (2011) High molecular variability of Sugarcane bacilliform viruses in Guadeloupe implying existence of at least three new species. Virus Res 160:414–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2011.06.016
Wang XY, Li WY, Huang YK, Lu WH, Luo ZM (2009) Research Progress on Sugarcane Mosaic Disease. Sugar Crops 31:61–64
Singh K, Misra SR, Shukla US, Singh RP (2003) Moist hot air therapy of sugarcane control of sett-borne infections of GSD, smut and red rot. Int Sugar J 43(5):26–28
Viswanathan R (2001) Different aerated steam therapy (AST) regimes on the development of grassy shoot disease symptoms in sugarcane. Sugar Tech 3(3):83–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03014568
Gonalves M, Pinto LR, Souza SC, Landell MGA (2012) Virus diseases of sugarcane: a constant challenge to sugarcane breeding in Brazil. Funct Plant Sci Biotechnol 6:108–116
Varma PK, Sekhar VC, Krishna GV, Chetan KK, BharathaLakshmi M (2022) Impact of thermotherapy on regeneration of single node setts of sugarcane infected by Sugarcane yellow leaf virus. J Pure Appl Microbiol 16(3):1964–1968. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.16.3.43
Damayanti TA, Putra LK (2010) Hot water treatment of cutting-cane infected with sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV). J Int Soc South East Agril Sci 16:17–25
Thorat AS, Pal RK, Shingote P, Kharte SB, Nalavade VM, Dhumale DR, Pawar BH, Babu KH (2015) Detection of sugarcane mosaic virus in diseased sugarcane using ELISA and RT-PCR technique. J Pure Appl Microbiol 9(1):319–327
Acknowledgements
The work has been undertaken as part of the of Ph.D research program in Agricultural college, Bapatla, ANGRAU. I am thankful to the Advisory committee for their support during Ph. D program.
Code availability
Not applicable
Funding
The research work was supported by the Institute grants of ANGRAU, and no separate funding has been received to the research work reported in the paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
PKV designed the study, GVK carried out the work, and wrote the manuscript. BB, VMK, and VK analyzed the data. All authors read and approved the submitted manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Krishna, G.V., Kumar, V.M., Varma, P.K. et al. Detection of Sugarcane bacilliform virus in diseased sugarcane plants in Andhra Pradesh, India by serological and molecular methods. Braz J Microbiol 54, 1399–1409 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-01094-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-01094-z