Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Prevalence of Salmonella infection in village chickens and determination of the tetracycline resistance genes in the Salmonella isolates in the Sistan region, Iran

  • Veterinary Microbiology - Research Paper
  • Published:
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recently, an increasing number of multi drug resistant Salmonella species have been emerged due to overuse of antibiotics in veterinary and human medicine which has adverse consequences on public health. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence of Salmonella infection in village chickens in Sistan region and determining the prevalence of the antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella isolated from these birds. In this study, 100 chickens were randomly selected from five counties of Sistan region. A cloacal swab sample was taken from each bird and also information about age, gender, breed, proximity with other birds, proximity with waterfowl, proximity with livestock, and receiving different antibiotics especially tetracycline were obtained using a questionnaire. Conventional culture methods used for Salmonella detection and isolation. Then, amplification of invA gene by PCR was used to confirm Salmonella colonies. Finally, 27 samples were confirmed to be infected with Salmonella by both culture and PCR methods. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the sensitivity to 4 antibiotics including; tetracycline, gentamicin, cefepime, and difloxacin. The results of the present study showed that proximity to waterfowl (OR = 0.273) significantly mitigates the risk of Salmonella infection. For the isolates, the highest resistance was recorded against cefepime and the highest susceptibility was to difloxacin. The presence proportion of tetA and tetB in tetracycline resistant isolates was higher than that in susceptible ones but this difference was not statistically significant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Diagram 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated during the current study are not publicly available due to respect for people’s privacy but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Barlow M, Hall BG (2002) Origin and evolution of the AmpC β-lactamases of Citrobacter freundii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46(5):1190–1198. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.46.5.1190-1198.2002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Lutful Kabir S (2010) Avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis, a closer look at epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, control and public health concerns. Int J Environ Res Public Health 7(1):89–114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7010089

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Ehuwa O, Jaiswal AK, Jaiswal S (2021) Salmonella, food safety and food handling practices. Foods 10(5):907. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10050907

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Gargano V, Sciortino S, Gambino D, Costa A, Agozzino V, Reale S, Alduina R, Vicari D (2021) Antibiotic susceptibility profile and tetracycline resistance genes detection in Salmonella spp. strains isolated from animals and food. J Antibiot 10(7):809. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070809

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Peterson E, Kaur P (2018) Antibiotic resistance mechanisms in bacteria, relationships between resistance determinants of antibiotic producers, environmental bacteria, and clinical pathogens. Front Microbiol 9:2928. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02928

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Jahantigh M, Samadi K, Dizaji RE, Salari S (2020) Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from lesions of colibacillosis in broiler chickens in Sistan Iran. BMC Vet Res 16(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02488-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Guillaume G, Verbrugge D, Chasseur-Libotte ML, Moens W, Collard JM (2000) PCR typing of tetracycline resistance determinants Tet A-E in Salmonella enterica serotype Hadar and in the microbial community of activated sludges from hospital and urban wastewater treatment facilities in Belgium. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 32(1):77–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2000.tb00701.x&10.1016/S0168-6496(00)00016-7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Oppegaard H, Steinum TM, Wasteson Y (2001) Horizontal transfer of a multi-drug resistance plasmid between coliform bacteria of human and bovine origin in a farm environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 67(8):3732–3734. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.8.3732-3734.2001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Schwaiger K, Holzel C, Bauer J (2010) Resistance gene patterns of tetracycline resistant Escherichia coli of human and porcine origin. Vet Microbiol 142(3–4):329–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.09.066

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Skockova A, Cupakova S, Karpiskova R, Janstova B (2012) Detection of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli from raw cow’s milk. J Microbiol Biotech Food Sci 1:777–784

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Conan A, Goutard FL, Sorn S, Vong S (2012) Biosecurity measures for backyard poultry in developing countries: a systematic review. BMC Vet Res 81:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Koo HJ, Woo GJ (2011) Distribution and transferability of tetracycline resistance determinants in Escherichia coli isolated from meat and meat products. Int J Food Microbiol 145(2–3):407–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Rahn K, De Grandis S, Clarke R, McEwen S, Galan J, Ginocchio C, Curtiss Iii R, Gyles C (1992) Amplification of an invA gene sequence of Salmonella typhimurium by polymerase chain reaction as a specific method of detection of Salmonella. Mol Cell Probes 6(4):271–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-8508(92)90002-F

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Bauer A, Kirby W, Sherris J, Turck M (1966) Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol 45(4):493–496. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.493

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Weinstein MP, Lewis JS, Bobenchik AM et al (2021) Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Twenty-First informational supplement. Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute, Malvern, Pennsylvania

  16. Andoh L, Dalsgaard A, Obiri-Danso K, Newman M, Barco L, Olsen J (2016) Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars isolated from poultry in Ghana. Epidemiol Infect 144(15):3288–3299. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268816001126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Aalipour F, Mirlohi M (2010) Jalali, M (2014) Determination of antibiotic consumption index for animal originated foods produced in animal husbandry in Iran. J Environ Health Sci Eng 12(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-336X-12-42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Khademi F, Vaez H, Ghanbari F, Arzanlou M, Mohammadshahi J, Sahebkar A (2020) Prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella serotypes in Iran, a meta-analysis. Pathog Glob Health 114(1):16–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2020.1719701

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Wolfson JS, Hooper DC (1989) Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 2(4):378–424. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.2.4.378

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Firouzabadi A, Saadati D, Najimi M, Jajarmi M (2020) Prevalence and related factors of Salmonella spp. and Salmonella Typhimurium contamination among broiler farms in Kerman province. Iran. Prev Vet Med 175:104838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104838

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Khaltabadi Farahani R, Meskini M, Ghalyanchi Langeroudi A, Gharibzadeh S, Ghosh S, Khaltabadi Farahani AH (2022) Evaluation of the different methods to detect Salmonella in poultry feces samples. Arch. Microbiol 204(5):269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-02840-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Tran TP, Ly TLK, Nguyen TT, Akiba M, Ogasawara N, Shinoda D, Okatani AT, Hayashidani H (2004) Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in pigs, chickens and ducks in the Mekong Delta Vietnam. J Vet Med Sci 66(8):1011–1014. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.66.1011

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Chao MR, Hsien CH, Yeh CM, Chou SJ, Chu C, Su YC, Yu CY (2007) Assessing the prevalence of Salmonella enterica in poultry hatcheries by using hatched eggshell membranes. Poult Sci 86(8):1651–1655. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.8.1651

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Chen Z, Bai J, Zhang X, Wang S, Chen K, Lin Q, Xu C, Qu X, Zhang H, Liao M (2021) Highly prevalent multidrug resistance and QRDR mutations in Salmonella isolated from chicken, pork and duck meat in Southern China, 2018–2019. Int J Food Microbiol 340:109055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109055

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. El-Tawab A, Ashraf A, El-Hofy FI, Ammar AM, Nasef SA, Nabil NM (2015) Studies on different Salmonella serotypes isolated from poultry in different governorates in Egypt. Benha Vet Med J 28(2):169–175. https://doi.org/10.21608/bvmj.2015.32498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ibrahim M, Emeash H, Ghoneim NH, Abdel-Halim M (2013) Seroepidemiological studies on poultry salmonellosis and its public health importance. Worlds Poult Sci J 3(1):18–23

    Google Scholar 

  27. Grigar M, Cummings K, Rankin S (2017) Prevalence of Salmonella among waterfowl along the Texas Gulf coast. Zoonoses Public Health 64(8):689–692. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12380

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Shahbazi P, Jahantigh M, Salari S, Danesh S (2020) The frequency and antimicrobial resistance of blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in Escherichia coli isolated from patients with a urinary tract infection. Int J Basic Sci Med 5(2):43–47. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijbsm.2020.09

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors of this article would like to thank the Mr. Ali Anoosha Ph.D., Agricultural Engineering- Animal Science, who helped us in sampling the chickens.

Funding

This research is financially supported by the vice chancellor of research and technology, University of Zabol, under grants No. IR-UOZ-GR-2478; IR-UOZ-GR-7846.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. DVM Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

    Golnaz Boraei-nezhad‬

  2. Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Bonjar Road, Zabol, 9861335856, Iran

    Dariush Saadati

  3. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

    Mohammad Jahantigh

  4. DVM Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran Veterinarian, Zabol, Iran

    Samira Saadat-jou

Authors
  1. Golnaz Boraei-nezhad‬
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dariush Saadati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohammad Jahantigh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Samira Saadat-jou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors especially Mohammad Jahantigh and Dariush Saadati contributed to the study conception and design. Materials were prepared by Golnaz Boraei-nejad and Dariush Saadati, data collection was performed by Golnaz Boraei-nejad and Samira Saadat-jou, and the data were analyzed by Dariush Saadati and Samira Saadatjou. All tests, including bacterial culture, PCR, and antibiogram, were performed by Golnaz Boraei-nejad under the supervision of Dr. Mohammad Jahantigh. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Dariush Saadati and Golnaz Boraei-nejad‬, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dariush Saadati.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

This is an observational study. The protocol of the present research was reviewed and approved by vice chancellor for academic affairs of the Veterinary Faculty of Zabol University and the vice chancellor has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.

Consent to participate

This is an observational descriptive study and Informed consent is not applicable in this research.

Consent for publication

This manuscript does not include any individual data or sensitive personal information; therefore, consent to publication is not applicable in this case.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Responsible Editor: Mariana X Byndloss

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Boraei-nezhad‬, G., Saadati, D., Jahantigh, M. et al. Prevalence of Salmonella infection in village chickens and determination of the tetracycline resistance genes in the Salmonella isolates in the Sistan region, Iran. Braz J Microbiol 54, 2375–2382 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-01033-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-01033-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation