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Dermatophytosis caused by Nannizzia nana (Microsporum nanum): a comprehensive review on a novel pathogen

  • Veterinary Microbiology - Review
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Abstract

Keratinophilic fungi are mostly soil-inhabiting organisms with occasional infections in humans and animals. Even though most dermatophytes are host-adapted, cross-species infections are common by zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytes. N. nana is considered an etiological agent of ringworm in pigs but has also been isolated from other animals, including humans. However, it also possesses many characteristics of geophilic dermatophytes including the ability to grow in soil. N. nana produces characteristic pear-shaped macroconidia and usually exhibits an ectothrix pattern of hair infection. It has been isolated from dermatitis lesions as well as from soil. N. nana infections in pigs are not of much concern as far as economy or health is concerned. But it has been associated with onychomycosis and gonathritis in humans, which are significant in human medicine. The shift in the predominance of dermatophytes in humans and the ability to evolve into a potential tinea pathogen necessitates more understanding of the physiology and genetics of N. nana. In this review, we have attempted a detailed analysis of the studies about N. nana, emphasizing growth and cultural characters, physiology, isolation, infection in humans and animals, molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility.

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Fig. 1

Reproduced from Gnat et al. 2020 [15] under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Fig. 2

Reproduced from Dukik et al. 2020 [21] under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Reproduced from Dukik et al. 2020 [21] under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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Acknowledgements

We thank Indian Council of Medical Research for granting a project on dermatophytes titled 'Unraveling the Pheno-Genotyping Linking and Distrubution Dynamics of Trichophyton mentagrophytes among Human and Animals'. Figure 3 is created using Biorender.com.

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India

    Sonu S. Nair,  Abhishek, Chandana M.S., Athira V., Prasad Thomas & V. K. Chaturvedi

  2. Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India

    Shubham Saini

  3. Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India

    Khan Sharun

  4. Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India

    Bablu Kumar

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Contributions

SSN and A both conceptualized the idea and wrote the review article along with the valuable inputs from all other authors. All authors read, revised, and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Sonu S. Nair or Abhishek.

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Nair, S.S., Abhishek, Saini, S. et al. Dermatophytosis caused by Nannizzia nana (Microsporum nanum): a comprehensive review on a novel pathogen. Braz J Microbiol 54, 509–521 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00880-5

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