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Influence of oral biofilm index, caries experience, and laboratory markers of disease progression on the oral carriage of Candida in HIV-infected and non-infected children: a cross-sectional study

  • Clinical Microbiology - Research Paper
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Abstract

The present study aimed to compare the oral Candida rate between infected and uninfected children with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as analyze the association between Candida spp. and predisposing factors of colonization, like oral biofilm index, caries experience, and laboratory markers of AIDS progression. A cross-sectional study was employed. Candida species were identified and quantified from saliva samples of 50 HIV-infected and 50 uninfected children. Biofilm index and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) indices were assessed by oral clinical examinations. Additionally, CD4+ T lymphocyte count and viral load were obtained from medical records of the HIV-infected children. Candida species were cultured from 74% of the HIV-infected children and 46% of uninfected ones (p = 0.0076). Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis were the most frequently isolated species in both studied groups. The isolation of Candida species was significantly higher in HIV-infected children with CD4 ≤ 15% (p = 0.0146); it had influence of mature oral biofilm and the caries index (dmft + DMFT ≥ 8) (p < 0.05) and was associated with the plasma viral load. The present data show that the HIV infection, oral biofilm index, caries experience, and laboratory markers of AIDS progression exert an influence on the prevalence of oral Candida in children.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Prof. Sandra Torres of Department of the Oral Pathology and Professor Milton of the Department of the Microbiology of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for their contributions.

Funding

The present study was financially supported by the following Brazilian agencies: CNPq, FAPERJ, and CAPES (financial code 001).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil

    Edja Maria Melo de Brito Costa, Carolina Medeiros de Almeida Maia & Priscilla Guimarães Silva Vasconcelos

  2. Departamento de Odontoclínica e Odontopediatria, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil

    Maristela Barbosa Portela & Caroliny Mello Barboza

  3. Departamento de Patologia e Diagnóstico Oral, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Abel Silveira Cardoso

  4. Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Rosangela Maria de Araújo Soares & André Luis Souza dos Santos

  5. Rede Micologia RJ – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    André Luis Souza dos Santos

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  1. Edja Maria Melo de Brito Costa
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  2. Carolina Medeiros de Almeida Maia
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Contributions

EMMBC: designed study, performed the research, analyzed data, and wrote the paper; CMAM and PGSV: wrote the paper; MBP and CMB: performed research and analyzed data; ASC and RMAS: funding acquisition and conceived of study; ALSS: designed study and analyzed data.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Edja Maria Melo de Brito Costa.

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Ethics approval

Approval of this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of UFRJ Center for Collective Health Studies (certificate number: 073/99) at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The present study is in accordance with the standards set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki principles of 1975, as revised in 2013 (http://ethics.iit.edu/ecodes/node/3931).

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A freely-given informed consent to participate in the study was signed by the parents or guardians of all children before their enrollment.

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The study participants were informed about the present research, and a written consent form was taken from the parents or guardians of all children before their enrollment.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Costa, E.M.M.d.B., Maia, C.M.d.A., Vasconcelos, P.G.S. et al. Influence of oral biofilm index, caries experience, and laboratory markers of disease progression on the oral carriage of Candida in HIV-infected and non-infected children: a cross-sectional study. Braz J Microbiol 53, 1969–1977 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00843-w

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