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The Historical Burden of Sporotrichosis in Brazil: a Systematic Review of Cases Reported from 1907 to 2020

  • Clinical Microbiology - Review
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Abstract

Sporotrichosis is a cosmopolitan subcutaneous mycosis caused by Sporothrix species. Recently, this mycosis has gained notoriety due to the appearance of new endemic areas, recognition of new pathogenic species, changes in epidemiology, occurrence of outbreaks, and increasing numbers of cases. The purpose of this study is to analyze the peculiarities of sporotrichosis cases in Brazil since its first report in the country until 2020. In this work, ecological, epidemiological, clinical, and laboratorial characteristics were compiled. A systematic review of human sporotrichosis diagnosed in Brazil and published up to December 2020 was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Web of Science, and LILACS databases. Furthermore, animal sporotrichosis and environmental isolation of Sporothrix spp. in Brazil were also evaluated. The study included 230 papers, resulting in 10,400 human patients. Their ages ranged from 5 months to 92 years old and 55.98% were female. The lymphocutaneous form was predominant (56.14%), but systemic involvement was also notably reported (14.34%), especially in the lungs. Besides, hypersensitivity manifestations (4.55%) were described. Most patients had the diagnosis confirmed by isolation of Sporothrix spp., mainly from skin samples. Sporothrix brasiliensis was the major agent identified. HIV infection, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes were the most common comorbidities. Cure rate was 85.83%. Concerning animal sporotrichosis, 8538 cases were reported, mostly in cats (90.77%). Moreover, 13 Sporothrix spp. environmental strains were reported. This review highlights the burden of the emergent zoonotic sporotrichosis in Brazil, reinforcing the importance of “One Health” based actions to help controlling this disease.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are presented within the manuscript and/or its supplementary data.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Angelina Silva and Alessandra Pinheiro for their help in the search at Manguinhos Library.

Funding

RMZ-O was supported in part by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [CNPq 302796/2017–7] and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [FAPERJ E-26/202.527/2019]. We also thank the support given by Fundação Oswaldo Cruz.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Vanessa Brito Souza Rabello, Marcos Abreu Almeida, Andrea Reis Bernardes-Engemann, Rodrigo Almeida-Paes & Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira

  2. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica Em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Priscila Marques de Macedo

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  1. Vanessa Brito Souza Rabello
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  2. Marcos Abreu Almeida
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  3. Andrea Reis Bernardes-Engemann
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  5. Priscila Marques de Macedo
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Vanessa Brito de Souza Rabello, Marcos de Abreu Almeida, Andrea Reis Bernardes-Engemann, Rodrigo Almeida-Paes, Priscila Marques de Macedo, and Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Vanessa Brito de Souza Rabello, Marcos de Abreu Almeida, Andrea Reis Bernardes-Engemann, Rodrigo Almeida-Paes, Priscila Marques de Macedo, and Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira.

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Rabello, V.B.S., Almeida, M.A., Bernardes-Engemann, A.R. et al. The Historical Burden of Sporotrichosis in Brazil: a Systematic Review of Cases Reported from 1907 to 2020. Braz J Microbiol 53, 231–244 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00658-1

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