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A Provisional Taxonomy of Subjectively Experienced Positive Emotions

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Abstract

Over the past two decades, scholars have conducted studies on the subjective experience of over 30 positive emotional states (see Weidman, Steckler, & Tracy, 2017). Yet, evidence from research on the non-verbal expression and biological correlates of positive emotions suggests that people likely experience far fewer than 30 distinct positive emotions. The present research provided an initial, lexically driven examination of how many, and which, positive emotions cohere as distinct subjective experiences, at both the state and trait levels. Four studies (including two pre-registered replications) using factor and network analyses of 5939 participants’ emotional experiences, elicited through the relived emotions task, found consistent evidence for nine distinct positive emotion states and five distinct traits. At both levels, many frequently studied positive emotions were found to overlap considerably or entirely with other ostensibly distinct states in terms of the subjective components used to describe them, suggesting that researchers currently study more positive emotions than individuals experience distinctively. These findings provide the first-ever comprehensive portrait of the taxonomic structure of subjectively experienced positive emotions, with the ultimate aim of inspiring further examination of the positive emotion space at the subjective experiential as well as more biological and behavioral levels of analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6R 1Z4, Canada

    Aaron C. Weidman & Jessica L. Tracy

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  1. Aaron C. Weidman
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  2. Jessica L. Tracy
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Correspondence to Aaron C. Weidman.

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Author Contribution

A. C. W and J. L. T. developed the study concept and performed data collection. A. C. W. analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript, with assistance from J. L. T., who provided critical revisions. Both authors approved the final version for submission.

Data/Methods/Materials Availability

The datasets, syntax, materials, and methods generated during and/or analyzed during the current studies are available in the Open Science Framework (OSF) repository (https://osf.io/8h6gc/).

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The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.

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All studies in this manuscript were approved under the University of British Columbia Research Ethics Board application #H08–01958.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Not applicable to the present studies.

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Handling editor: Robert Levenson

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Weidman, A.C., Tracy, J.L. A Provisional Taxonomy of Subjectively Experienced Positive Emotions. Affec Sci 1, 57–86 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42761-020-00009-7

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