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Computational fluid dynamics modeling of gas-solid fluidized bed reactor: Influence of numerical and operating parameters

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Abstract

In this paper, the most influential parameters (numerical and operating parameters) affecting the performance of fluidized bed reactors are studied. The investigated parameters are constitutive and numerical parameters, minimum fluidization velocity, operating pressure, temperature, gas distributor, and particle size distribution (PSD). Furthermore, the recent methods for solving population balance equations coupled with computational fluid dynamic (CFD-PBM) are discussed. The direct quadrature method of moments (DQMOM) was found to be the most efficient method for CFD-PBM coupled simulations. It must be pointed out that due to the computational cost there is limitation on the application of CFD in practical reactor with detailed mass/heat transfer and reaction mechanisms, especially under industrial operating condition.

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Abbreviations

C D :

Drag coefficient

C μ,C 1ε,C 2ε :

Coefficients in turbulence model

d s :

Diameter of particle (m)

D :

Reactor diameter (m)

e 1s :

Coefficient of restitution

g 0,ss :

Radial distribution coefficient

g :

Gravitational acceleration (m/s2)

G :

Particle growth rate (m/s)

G 0 :

Particle growth rate constant (model development)

G k,m :

Production of turbulent kinetic energy (m2/s2)

Ī :

Unit tensor

\({k_{{\theta _{\rm{s}}}}}\) :

Diffusion coefficient for granular energy

m k :

kth moment of the PSD

\({{\dot m}_{pq}}\) :

Mass transfer from the pth to qth phase (kg/s)

n(V,t):

Number density function

N :

Specific number of moments

p friction :

Frictional pressure (Pa)

p s :

Solid pressure (Pa)

P :

Pressure (Pa)

Re :

Reynolds number

t :

Time (s)

u :

Velocity (m/s)

\({{\vec u}_q}\) :

Velocity of phase q (m/s)

U mb :

Minimum bubbling velocity (m/s)

U mf :

Minimum fluidization velocity (m/s)

β :

Momentum exchange coefficient

β gs :

Momentum exchange coefficient between phases

\({\gamma _{{\theta _{\rm{s}}}}}\) :

Collisional dissipation energy (m2/s2)

δ :

Deformation (m)

ϵ :

Turbulent dissipation rate (m2/s3)

ε :

Volume fraction

η :

Damping coefficient

θ s :

Granular temperature (K)

λ :

Mean free path of the fluid (m)

μ :

Viscosity of gas (Pa·s)

μ s,col :

Collisional part of viscosity (Pa·s)

μ s,fr :

Frictional viscosity (Pa·s)

μ s,kin :

Kinetic part of viscosity (Pa·s)

υ :

Kinematics viscosity (m2/s)

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

ρ g :

Gas density (kg/m3)

ρ m :

Density of system (kg/m3)

ρ s :

Particle density (kg/m3)

Σ :

Friction coefficient

\({\overline{\overline \tau } _q}\) :

qth phase (solid and gas) stress-strain tensor

⊘gs :

Energy exchange between the lth fluid or solid phase and the sth solid phase

CFD:

Computational fluid dynamic

DPM:

Discrete phase model

DQMOM:

Direct quadrature method of moment

EMMS:

Energy-minimization multi-scale

FBR:

Fluidized bed reactor

FCC:

Fluid catalyst cracking

KTGF:

Kinetic theory of granular flow

LDPE:

Low density polyethylene

LLDPE:

Linear low density polyethylene

MFM:

Multi-fluid model

PBM:

Population balance model

PMLM:

Polymeric multilayer model

PSD:

Particle size distribution

QMOM:

Quadrature method of moment

SMM:

Standard method of moment

SQMOM:

Sectional quadrature method of moment

UDF:

User-defined function

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Process Engineering, Razi Petrochemical Company, P. O. Box 161, Bandar Imam, Iran

    Vahid Akbari

  2. School of Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK

    Tohid Nejad Ghaffar Borhani

  3. Health Safety Environment & Operations Excellence, Process Technologies Department, Incitec Pivot Limited/Dyno Nobel, 282 Paringa Rd, Gibson Island, Murarrie, QLD, 4172, Australia

    Ahmad Shamiri

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran

    Mohammad Saleh Shafeeyan

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  1. Vahid Akbari
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Akbari, V., Borhani, T.N.G., Shamiri, A. et al. Computational fluid dynamics modeling of gas-solid fluidized bed reactor: Influence of numerical and operating parameters. Exp. Comput. Multiph. Flow 6, 85–125 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42757-023-0158-x

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