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Fruit bagging of custard apple (Annona reticulata) as an eco-friendly protection approach against mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis) infestation in the north-eastern Bangladesh

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Abstract

In recent years, the mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley) has severely damaged the production of custard apple in north-eastern part of Bangladesh. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted at Baniachong, Jagannathpur and Sylhet Sadar Upazilas of Hobiganj, Sunamganj and Sylhet districts, respectively. The research was carried out from 2016 to 2019 for documenting the present status of mealybug infestation in custard apple and its potential management by fruit bagging with cloth bags. In the first study, the number of adult mealybugs (Mean ± SE) per infested custard apple in Sylhet Sadar (289.7 ± 30.2) was significantly higher than Baniachong (162.8 ± 23.0) and Jagannathpur (100.1 ± 9.6). Percent (%) fruit weight loss was recorded as 20.4 ± 0.1, 19.8 ± 0.1 and 19.5 ± 0.2 in Sylhet Sadar, Baniachong and Jagannathpur, respectively. In the second study, the average number of adult mealybugs was 256 ± 6.2 in a non-bagged mature custard apple, whereas no mealybugs were observed on bagged fruits. During the final harvest, the average circumference of cloth bagged fruits was significantly higher (30.1 ± 0.5 cm) than non-bagged fruits (26.6 ± .64 cm). The average weight of bagged fruit was significantly higher than non-bagged fruit. The Total Soluble Solid (TSS) content of bagged fruits (11.9%) was slightly higher in comparison with non-bagged fruits (10.8%). The amount of Ca, Mg, P and Fe contents of custard apple was also significantly higher in bagged fruits compare to infested fruits. The results concluded that fruit bagging could be an eco-friendly management option to protect the custard apples from mealybug infestation and improving fruit quality.

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Acknowledgements

This study had no external funding. We are grateful to the homestead fruit growers of the Sylhet region of Bangladesh for their help in conducting this study. We are also thankful to Mr. Rabiul Haque, Suranjit Baishnab, M.A.H. Liton Bhuiyan for their immense support during our study. We also thanks Giles M Ross, Researcher, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia and Michael F. Day, Applied Ecology Unit, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland for their expertise and assistance in language editing throughout the manuscript of our study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

    Tareq Ahmed, Md. Mehedi Hasan, Kamrul Hassan, Jaher D. Ahmed & Md. Fuad Mondal

  2. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, Australia

    Kamrul Hassan

  3. Department of Climate Action, Food and Rural Agenda, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain

    Jaher D. Ahmed

  4. Department of Microbiology-Applied Ecology Unit, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

    Karzan Sabah D. Ahmed

  5. Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq

    Karzan Sabah D. Ahmed

  6. Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan

    Asadullah Azam

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  1. Tareq Ahmed
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Contributions

This research was conducted in collaboration with all authors. Authors Md. Fuad Mondal and Tareq Ahmed designed the study; Md. Fuad Mondal, Md. Mehedi Hasan, Kamrul Hasan and Jaher Ahmed performed the statistical analysis, interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript. Karzan Sabah D. Ahmed and Asadullah Azam revised and improved the manuscript. All authors carefully reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Md. Fuad Mondal.

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Ahmed, T., Hasan, M.M., Hassan, K. et al. Fruit bagging of custard apple (Annona reticulata) as an eco-friendly protection approach against mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis) infestation in the north-eastern Bangladesh. Int J Trop Insect Sci 42, 723–732 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-021-00596-3

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