Abstract
The excessive accumulation of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been linked to myriad of toxic effects in several signaling pathways including growth regulatory pathways and apoptosis in insects. The current upsurge in mosquito research into the underlying mechanism of phytochemicals induced reactive oxygen species accumulation and larvicidal potential prompts the attention to exploring the role of oxidative stress and microbial consortia inhabited in the mosquitoes. In addition, understanding the impacts of mosquito microbiomes annihilation is vital for disentangling their underlying effects on arboviral diseases transmission. No investigation has been conducted in this aspect using isolated bioactive compounds from Jasminum brevilobum, Aglaia edulis and Pogostemon auricularius against Aedes aegypti. This study aimed to investigate the mode of action of bioactive compounds with special inference on ROS production and microbial inhabitants. Isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds were performed using the Thin-layer chromatography, Column chromatography, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. R software and SPSS were used for statistical analyses. The isolated bioactive compounds induced excessive production of reactive oxygen species thereby leading to oxidative stress and death. All the isolated compounds exhibited a sturdy inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus mirabilis, with strong MIC values ranging from 0.08–1.65 mg/ml. Also, they showed promising larvicidal efficacy against Aedes aegypti larvae.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Principal, St. Joseph’s College, Irinjalakuda for the laboratory facilities provided. The author Embalil Mathachan Aneesh thanks University Grants Commission, Government of India (UGC Research Award - F30-6/20-16(SA-II)) and Department of Biotechnology (BT/IN/Indo-US/Foldscope/39/2015) for funding.
Funding
The study was financed by UGC Research Award (F30–6/20–16(SA-II) and DBT Foldscope project (BT/IN/Indo-US/Foldscope/39/2015).
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Anoopkumar, A.N., Aneesh, E.M. & Sudhikumar, A.V. Exploring the mode of action of isolated bioactive compounds by induced reactive oxygen species generation in Aedes aegypti: a microbes based double-edged weapon to fight against Arboviral diseases. Int J Trop Insect Sci 40, 573–585 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00104-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00104-z