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Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Triumfetta rhomboidea (Tiliaceae) Leaf in healthy albino rats

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Abstract

Medicinal plants contain chemical substances that can modulate biological processes similar to synthetic drugs and also demonstrate certain degree of toxicity. The current study investigated the safety of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Triumfetta rhomboidea leaves in normal male albino rats. Leaves of T. rhomboidea were collected and prepared to obtain aqueous (AETR) and ethanol (EETR) extracts of T. rhomboidea. Acute toxicity testing followed standard procedure. In sub-chronic testing, animals were allotted into 6 groups containing 5 animals each: Animals in group 1 (control) were given distilled water while groups 2–6 were respectively administered 100, 500, 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg extract/kg body weight daily in single dose using oral gavage. After 28th days of extracts dosing, rats were sacrificed and samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The results of LD50 revealed toxicity level above 5000 mg extract/kg for AETR and EETR in acute exposure. Sub-chronic administration of AETR and EETR caused significant (P < 0.05) increase in rat body weight. Doses of AETR and EETR demonstrated significant reduction in AST, ALP, GGT, creatinine while only high doses above 3000 mg AETR/kg significantly (P < 0.05) elevated urea. Despite cholesterol was significantly elevated in AETR and EETR treated animals, the concentration of HDL-C also increased significantly. Conclusively, this study has experimentally demonstrated the safety of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Triumfetta rhomboidea, but caution should be observed when extrapolating these results in humans because continuous dosing could alter organ structures.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Sciences, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, PMB 353, Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria

    Emmanuel Sina Akintimehin

  2. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

    Iyere Osolase Onoagbe

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  1. Emmanuel Sina Akintimehin
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  2. Iyere Osolase Onoagbe
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Conceptualization and supervision: Iyere Osolase Onoagbe; Data computation: Emmanuel Sina Akintimehin; Materials and Data collection: Emmanuel Sina Akintimehin; Manuscript drafting, revision of final version for submission: Emmanuel Sina Akintimehin and Iyere Osolase Onoagbe.

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Correspondence to Emmanuel Sina Akintimehin.

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Akintimehin, E.S., Onoagbe, I.O. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Triumfetta rhomboidea (Tiliaceae) Leaf in healthy albino rats. Vegetos (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-023-00762-7

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