Abstract
Calreticulin is primarily an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein which has also been identified at different cellular sites. Its multicompartment presence is in congruence with its multifaceted nature, performing diverse biological functions. Inside ER, it participates in proteostasis allowing protein folding and preventing misfolding, while interacting with other chaperones including calnexin, protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), etc. Calcium homeostasis in ER is among the initial and well-studied roles of calreticulin. Besides, it also plays vital roles in adipocyte differentiation, stress response, cardiogenesis and cardiovascular functioning. Calreticulin is considered to be a key modulator of integrin-dependent cell adhesion and cell signaling. The occasional presence of calreticulin on the cell surface during physiological stress makes it an important prognostic marker for various pathological conditions. Calreticulin can modulate immune response since its presence on the cell surface generates signals responsible for immunological cell death assisting in presentation of antigens derived from dying or damaged cells to T-cells. Calreticulin is also important in the assembly and loading of antigens to major histocompatibility complex class-I molecules. Calreticulin is a quintessential multifaceted protein performing diverse functions at multiple locations in the cell. Significance of its varied physiological roles and implications of its dysregulation along with its diagnostic and therapeutic potential has been presented in this review.
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Bansal, S., Vachher, M. & Burman, A. Calreticulin: a quintessential multifaceted protein with therapeutic potential. J Proteins Proteom 14, 187–200 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42485-023-00111-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42485-023-00111-x