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Encapsulation of acidified chitosan within partially cross-linked natural rubber matrices and their potential slow-release application

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Abstract

Biocomposites comprising acidified chitosan (CTS) encapsulated in partially cross-linked natural rubber (NR) matrices (CTS-e-NR) were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results of FT-IR, TGA and FE-SEM revealed that CTS was merely encapsulated within partially cross-linked natural rubber, and no chemical interaction was observed between CTS and NR. Soil burial biodegradation studies indicated that CTS-e-NR was degraded beyond any doubt, and weight loss of 48.98% was observed within 8 months. The release behaviour of CTS-e-NR was investigated in distilled water, where the naphthols (pesticide precursors) 1-hydroxynaphthalene (1-N), 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-N), 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,4-N) and 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene (2,6-N) were used as model pesticides. The percentage released in the first 24 h was found to be 7.38, 4.39, 2.96 and 6.95%, while 62.69, 60.64, 22.68 and 40.985% was released at the 35th day, for 1-N, 2-N, 1,4-N and 2,6-N, respectively. The release of naphthols followed non-Fickian diffusion: the combination of both polymer erosion and diffusion release mechanisms. In addition, the release behaviour was found to be consistently controlled and prolonged over a period of 35 days. Therefore, CTS-e-NR is strongly recommended for the controlled-release application of real pesticides.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Universiti Sains Malaysia (Grant No. 1001/PKIMIA/814124) and MyBrain15, Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia for financial assistance. AMREC, SIRIM Berhad is gratefully acknowledged for their support in using VPSEM. One of the researchers (Muhammad Rahim) is grateful to The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) for providing a TWAS-USM Fellowship.

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  1. School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Penang, Malaysia

    Muhammad Rahim, Mas Rosemal Hakim Mas Haris & Norhidayah Abu

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  1. Muhammad Rahim
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  2. Mas Rosemal Hakim Mas Haris
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  3. Norhidayah Abu
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Correspondence to Muhammad Rahim.

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Rahim, M., Mas Haris, M.R.H. & Abu, N. Encapsulation of acidified chitosan within partially cross-linked natural rubber matrices and their potential slow-release application. J Rubber Res 23, 245–256 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42464-020-00054-8

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