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Study of the Textural Changes in the Nowshera (Pakistan) Ca-Bentonite Caused by the Physical Purification Before and After NaCl Treatment

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Abstract

Bentonite collected from Nowshera (Pakistan) was treated with NaCl, and the < 2-μm clay fractions were separated by sedimentation process. The textural changes in NaCl treated purified bentonite were compared with raw and physically purified sample. It was detected that the NaCl-treated purified bentonite and the sample purified by simple sedimentation, respectively, consist of sodium-montmorillonite and calcium-montmorillonite as a major clay mineral. The honeycombed-type morphology was observed for both the purified samples; however, the particles of NaCl treated purified bentonite were relatively in a compact form. The particle sizes of both the purified samples were found considerably smaller. The high volume percent of the fine particles was noticed in the NaCl-treated purified bentonite. This attributed that the sodium exchange has a valuable impact on the bentonite dispersion in aqueous media during particle size measurement. The relatively high mesopore area/volume and micropore area/volume and specific surface area (SSA) were detected in purified samples. The NaCl-treated purified sample showed relatively high mesopores area/volume than the sample obtained by simple sedimentation. These changes seem to be originated from either high montmorillonite contents and/or the smaller particle size, which might be produced after the layer re-arrangement during the interlayer cation replacement by Na+ ions. The large SSA and high porosity of purified samples particularly the NaCl-treated bentonite suggest their potential use as adsorbents, catalysts, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

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This research work was supported by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, 25120, Pakistan

    Liaqat Ali Shah

  2. Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan

    Muhammad Farooq

  3. Department of Physics, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan

    Zait Ullah Shah

  4. Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil

    Francisco Rolando Valenzuela-Díaz

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  1. Liaqat Ali Shah
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Shah, L.A., Farooq, M., Shah, Z.U. et al. Study of the Textural Changes in the Nowshera (Pakistan) Ca-Bentonite Caused by the Physical Purification Before and After NaCl Treatment. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 38, 875–884 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-020-00367-7

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