Abstract
The Zijinshan gold-copper mine, in spite of the low-grade nature of the ore, has become one of the largest production-scale and most profitable non-ferrous metal mines in China. The successful application of hydrometallurgy as well as proper engineering design are the key factors for large-scale development of the Zijinshan gold-copper mine. In this contribution, the practical experience acquired in the development of the Zijinshan gold and copper mines is summarized. This covers most aspects of the production process including mining, beneficiation, ore stacking, heap (bio)leaching, carbon-in-leach, solvent extraction, electrowinning, wastewater and tailing treatments. The authors believe that this practical experience will not only help to promote the development of hydrometallurgy, but can also serve as a model for other gold and/or copper plants around the world.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zijin (2019) Zijinshan Gold & Copper Mine. http://www.zijinmining.com/business/product-detail-26893.htm. Accessed 7 November 2019
Wu LY, Hu RZ, Li XF, Liu SA, Tang YW, Tang YY (2017) Copper isotopic compositions of the Zijinshan high-sulfidation epithermal Cu-Au deposit, South China: implications for deposit origin. Ore Geol Rev 83:191–199
Zhong J, Chen YJ, Chen J, Qi JP, Dai MC (2018) Geology and fluid inclusion geochemistry of the Zijinshan high-sulfidation epithermal Cu-Au deposit, Fujian Province, SE China: implication for deep exploration targeting. J Geochem Explor 184:49–65
Ilankoon IMSK, Tang Y, Ghorbani Y, Northey S, Yellishetty M, Deng XY, McBride D (2018) The current state and future directions of percolation leaching in the Chinese mining industry: challenges and opportunities. Miner Eng 125:206–222
Lv ZH, Liu HZ, Bian XD, Zhao DK, Guo BW (2018) The classification of the gold deposit and its status of comprehensive utilization technology. Conserv Util Mineral Resour 4:135–141 (in Chinese)
Ruan RM, Wen JK, Chen JH (2006) Bacterial heap-leaching: practice in Zijinshan copper mine. Hydrometallurgy 83:77–82
Ruan RM, Liu XY, Zou G, Chen JH, Wen JK, Wang DZ (2011) Industrial practice of a distinct bioleaching system operated at low pH, high ferric concentration, elevated temperature and low redox potential for secondary copper sulfide. Hydrometallurgy 108:130–135
Ruan RM, Zhong SP, Wang DZ (2010) Life cycle assessment of two copper metallurgical processes: bioheap leaching and flotation-flash smelting. Multipurpose Util Mineral Resources 3:33–37
Xie LQ (2003) The technological measure and production practice for shortening heap leaching cycle period of Zijinshan gold mine. Gold Sci Technol 11:32–37 (in Chinese)
Liu XY, Chen BW, Wen JK, Ruan RM (2010) Leptospirillum forms a minor portion of the population in Zijinshan commercial non-aeration copper bioleaching heap identified by 16S rRNA clone libraries and real-time PCR. Hydrometallurgy 104:399–403
Liu XY, Chen BW, Chen JH, Zhang MJ, Wen JK, Wang DZ, Ruan RM (2016) Spatial variation of microbial community structure in the Zijinshan commercial copper heap bioleaching plant. Miner Eng 94:76–82
Chen BW, Liu XY, Liu WY, Wen JK (2009) Application of clone library analysis and real-time PCR for comparison of microbial communities in a low-grade copper sulfide ore bioheap leachate. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 36:1409–1416
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant nos. 51874101 and 51704153.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, J., Zhong, S., Tang, D. et al. Practical Experience in Large-Scale Development of Zijinshan Low-Grade Gold-Copper Mine. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 37, 1339–1347 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-020-00237-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-020-00237-2