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Study and Trade-Off Review of New Concepts for Lunar Hydro Analysis

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Abstract

This paper reviews and presents a trade-off study between three new concepts to study the presence of water on the Moon. The concepts are all different concerning the method of application. The first concept confirms the presence of water on the Moon through a comparative ratio study of water formation by hydrogen bombardment at varying intensity. The second concept studied is the Moon Orbiter which confirms the presence of water by studying the spectrum of radio waves from faraway stars over the permanently shadowed regions of the Moon. The third concept is the close site study in which the presence of water is confirmed by heating the surface of the Moon with the help of a reflector array. A trade-off study is conducted between various factors for example feasibility, application location of the experiment on the surface of the Moon, cost-effectiveness, and timeline. These are the basic factors that the concepts are studied on, but the trade-off between other critical factors is also done to select and present the best as well as a feasible method to check the presence of water on the surface of the Moon. Study is conducted to set a base level for standardizations for all future space missions to be conducted in this or any other domain. The efficiency of the mission can be studied through the projections and metrics carried out in this paper.

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Abbreviations

DHMO:

Dihydrogen monoxide

SAPBA:

Spectrometer analysis using proton beam activation

LIBRA:

Lunar ice detection using bistatic radio antenna

HAUFL:

Hydro analysis using fresnel lens

WMB:

Watson–Murray–Brown

RCP:

Right hand circular polarized wave

LCP:

Left hand circular polarized wave

CPR:

Circular polarization ratio

ppm:

Parts per million

eV:

Electron volt

PSR:

Permanently shaded region

LCRT:

Lunar crater radio telescope

SLS:

Space launch system

ALSD:

Apollo lunar surface drill

SLM:

Selective laser melting

HR:

Hertzsprung–Russell

UHECRν:

Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays and neutrinos

NASA:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

U :

Activation energy

k :

Boltzmann constant

T :

Surface temperature

D :

Desorption coefficient

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tata Lockheed Martin Aerostructures Ltd., Hyderabad, India

    S. Palaniappan

  2. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India

    Samridh Patial

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Jehan Irani

  4. Space Generation Advisory Council, Vienna, Austria

    Sahil Bhatia

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Correspondence to S. Palaniappan.

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Palaniappan, S., Patial, S., Irani, J. et al. Study and Trade-Off Review of New Concepts for Lunar Hydro Analysis. Adv. Astronaut. Sci. Technol. 5, 103–117 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42423-022-00109-5

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