Abstract
Purpose
This article focuses on the modification of the conventional forces exerted on the mount model, specifically in the context of the amphibious rifle’s aerial shooting capabilities. The focus of this investigation is to the examination of the 5.56 mm amphibious rifle's performance while discharging 5.56 × 45 mm ammunition into the atmosphere.
Methods
The theoretical computation yields results that exhibit a strong agreement with the experimental findings. The article applies the model and research approach to practically adjust and enhance the recoil force generated by rounds from dual-medium weapons when fired in the air during the creation of the 5.56 mm gun. In addition, a weapon test was also conducted to verify the results with the calculation theory mentioned in the article.
Results
The article presents new findings that establish the scientific foundation for selecting the air intake hole area, determining the parameters of the return spring, and positioning the air intake hole when shooting standard bullets. The article thoroughly analyzes the variables that influence the forces involved in shooting through adjustments. Besides, the examination of methodologies might serve as a valuable resource for designers while developing amphibious rifles and gas-operated firearms.
Conclusions
The article’s findings will serve as the scientific foundation for selecting the air intake hole area, determining the parameters of the return spring, and establishing the location of the air intake hole during airborne bullet firing. The article’s model and research findings have been used in practical applications for the development and production of 5.56 mm dual-environment firearms.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The article incorporates data that substantiates the conclusions of this investigation.
References
Van Hung N, Van Dung N, Van Minh P, Van Ke T, Van Thom D (2023) Vibration behavior analysis of the ammunition belt of the gas-operated machine gun. J Vib Eng Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42417-023-00926-4
Van Nguyen H, Van Dao D, Zenkour AM, Van Minh P, Van Thom D (2022) Movement of amphibious rifles fixed on the mount when shooting and operating underwater. Waves Random Complex Med. https://doi.org/10.1080/17455030.2022.2147244
Van TD, Le Minh T, Thai DN, Cong DT, Van Minh P (2022) The application of the design of the experiment to investigate the stability of special equipment. Math Probl Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8562602
Tuan LT, Dung NT, Van Thom D, Van Minh P, Zenkour AM (2021) Propagation of non-stationary kinematic disturbances from a spherical cavity in the pseudo-elastic cosserat medium. Eur Phys J Plus. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02191-4
Van Nguyen D, Bui VQ, Nguyen DT, Uong QS, Truong HT (2023) Studying the thermo-gas-dynamic process in a muzzle brake compensator. Arch Mech Eng. https://doi.org/10.24425/ame.2023.145584
Nguyen DT, Horák V, Nguyen LT, Van Nguyen D, Do Duc L (2021) A motion model of a remotely operated underwater vehicle: CFD simulation. Adv Mil Technol 16:253–263. https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01491
Van Hung N (2020) An approach method for the dynamic analysis of the amphibious rifle when shooting under-water. J Mil Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.66a.2020.103-116
Van Nguyen H, Balla J, Dao Van D, Le Huu B, Van Nguyen D (2019) Study of friction between breech block carrier and receiver assembly in amphibious rifle. In: ICMT 2019—7th international conference on military technologies proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1109/MILTECHS.2019.8870134
Dullum O (2017) Ballistics of supercavitating projectiles. In: Proceedings of the 30th international symposium on ballistics, vol 1, pp 107–118. https://doi.org/10.12783/ballistics2017/16785
Thai DN, Van DN, Van PT, Do Duc L (2017) Biomechanical analysis of the shooter-weapon system oscillation. In: ICMT 2017—6th international conference on military technologies, pp 48–53. https://doi.org/10.1109/MILTECHS.2017.7988729
Van Vo B, Macko M, Nguyen DT, Nguyen PD, Nguyen HT, Bui TT (2021) Dynamic simulation analysis and optimization of firing rate of rocket launchers on wheeled vehicles. Adv Mil Technol 16:159–175. https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01459
Ha TT, Thuyen ND, Dung NT, Hai DN (2018) Super cavity model with the coupling reaction of slender body motion and water flow. Viet J Mech 40:1–13. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/8488
Atherton KD (2013) Russia unveils amphibious assault rifle. Pop Sci. https://www.popsci.com/article/technology/russia-unveils-amphibious-assault-rifle
Balla J, Hagenhofer V, Van Dung N, Tran VT (2019) Influence of selected barrel muzzle devices on the movement of small arms. Armament Tech. Armed Forces
Balla J, Havlicek M, Jedlicka L, Krist Z, Racek F (2010) Dynamics of automatic weapon mounted on the tripod. In: International conference on mathematical and computational methods in science and engineering—proceedings, pp 122–127
Balla J, Havlicek M, Jedlicka L, Krist Z, Racek F (2011) Firing stability of mounted small arms. Int J Math Model Methods Appl Sci 5:412–422
Kari A, Jovanovic D, Jerkovic D, Hristov N (2016) Stress analysis of integrated 12.7 mm machine gun mount. Sci Tech Rev 66:47–51. https://doi.org/10.5937/str1604047k
Allsop DF, Prochazka S, Balla J, Popelinsky L, Cech V, Allsop P (1997) Brassey’s essential guide to military small arms: design principles and operating methods. Brassey’s (UK) Limited, London
Konečný P, Dao VD, Nguyen VH, Le HB (2020) Interior ballistics of amphibious rifle when firing under water. Adv Mil Technol 15:137–148. https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01327
Nguyen VH (2020) A thermodynamic model for interior ballistics of an amphibious rifle. J Sci Tech. https://doi.org/10.56651/lqdtu.jst.v15.n04.103
Lyu X, Wang X, Qi C, Sun R (2023) Characteristics of cavity dynamics, forces, and trajectories on vertical water entries with two spheres side-by-side. Phys Fluids 10(1063/5):0166794
Yu J, Shi Z, Dong X, Li Q, Lv J, Ren Z (2023) Impact time consensus cooperative guidance against the maneuvering target: theory and experiment. IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAES.2023.3243154
Arefi M, Bidgoli EMR, Dimitri R, Bacciocchi M, Tornabene F (2018) Application of sinusoidal shear deformation theory and physical neutral surface to analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric plate. Compos B Eng 151:35–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.05.050
Arefi M, Zenkour AM (2017) Transient analysis of a three-layer microbeam subjected to electric potential. Int J Smart Nano Mater 8(1):20–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2017.1292967
Dehsaraji ML, Arefi M, Loghman A (2021) Size dependent free vibration analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric micro/nano shell based on modified couple stress theory with considering thickness stretching effect. Defence Technol 17(1):119–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2020.01.001
Arefi M, Kiani M, Zamani MH (2020) Nonlocal strain gradient theory for the magneto-electro-elastic vibration response of a porous FG-core sandwich nanoplate with piezomagnetic face sheets resting on an elastic foundation. J Sandwich Struct Mater 22(7):2157–2185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099636218795378
Arefi M, Zenkour AM (2017) Thermo-electro-magneto-mechanical bending behavior of size-dependent sandwich piezomagnetic nanoplates. Mech Res Commun 84:27–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2017.06.002
Jacobson DECSS (1390) BALLISTICS theory and design of guns and ammunition
Balla J (2010) Combat vehicle vibrations during fire in burst. In: International conference on mathematical models for engineering science—proceedings, pp 207–212. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:111398384
Longdon LW (1987) Textbook of ballistics and gunnery: basic theory. Applications and design, Her Majesty’s stationary office. https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=wwQXjwEACAAJ
PCB piezotronics, model 221B05—installation and operating manual. https://www.pcbpiezotronics.de/produkte_skript/downloads/manuals/221B05_manual.pdf
Dat PT, Luat DT, Thom DV (2016) Free vibration of functionally graded sandwich plates with stiffeners based on the third-order shear deformation theory. Viet J Mech 38(2):103–122. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/38/2/6730
Acknowledgements
The research conducted in this study has received support from the Weapon Technology Centre and the Faculty of Weapons at Le Quy Don Technical University in Hanoi. Phung Van Minh is funded by the Le Quy Don Technical University Research Fund under the Grand No. 23.1.10.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author affirms that there are no conflict of interest pertaining to the publishing of this manuscript.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Van Hung, N., Van Doan, D., Van Minh, P. et al. Analysis of the Force Components Exerted on the Mount of the Amphibious Rifle When Operating in the Air. J. Vib. Eng. Technol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42417-024-01346-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42417-024-01346-8