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Eco-friendly Dyeing Process on Wool Fabric Using Wastewater from the Essential Oil Extraction of Inula graveolens

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Abstract

The rejection of the wastewaters generated from the essential oil extraction constitues an environmental pollution, the reuse of these residues highly colored as dye baths would be an effective recovery route to produce value-added materials. In this context, the objective of this work aims to study the dyeing performance on wool fiber of wastewater generated from the hydrodistillation of Inula graveolens essential oil, having beneficial purposes. The chemical characterization of this aqueous residue was carried out by liquid phase chromatography, which revealed the presence of certain coloring molecules such as catechin, apigenin, kaempferol and quercetin. The dyeing process was performed on the wool fiber, revealing good dyeing performance with colors between beige and brown. The phytodyeing process was optimized using central composite design. The results enabled to determine the optimal conditions (pH = 3, temperature = 80 °C and duration = 90 min) leading to maximum color strength value (11.79). In addition, color fastness to light, washing and rubbing were evaluated, The effect of metal mordants on dyeing quality was also studied and exhibited that mordanting gave deeper shades and enhanced fastness properties. The environmental assessment of the residual bath after dyeing has proven that the dyeing process using the wastewater contributed to a decrease in environmental parameters COD and BOD. To conclude, the reuse of the wastewater from the essential oil extraction may be used as an innovative eco-friendly dyeing process enabling, on the one hand, to discover other sources of textile dyes and on the other hand, to reduce the pollution risks caused by these residues.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research for its financial support. The authors are grateful to Pr. Fathia Harzallah-Skhiri (botanist from High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Tunisia) for providing the plant.

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This research received no external funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Laboratory -Environmental Chemistry and Clean Processes (LR21ES04), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia

    Nawres Gharred, Noureddine Baaka, Hatem Dhaouadi & Sonia Dridi-Dhaouadi

  2. Departement of Textile and Fashion Management, Higher Institute of Fashion of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia

    Noureddine Baaka

  3. Preparatory Institute of Engineering Studies of Monastir (IPEIM), University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia

    Sonia Dridi-Dhaouadi

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  1. Nawres Gharred
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  2. Noureddine Baaka
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  3. Hatem Dhaouadi
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  4. Sonia Dridi-Dhaouadi
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Contributions

Conceptualization, NG and NB; writing-original draft preparation, NB and NG; validation, SDD.; Supervision, SDD.; project administration, HD. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nawres Gharred.

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Gharred, N., Baaka, N., Dhaouadi, H. et al. Eco-friendly Dyeing Process on Wool Fabric Using Wastewater from the Essential Oil Extraction of Inula graveolens. Chemistry Africa 7, 1323–1336 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-023-00823-z

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