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Adsorption of Congo Red from Textile Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Developed from Corn Cobs: The Studies of Isotherms and Kinetics

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Abstract

Recently, increasing the discharge of untreated dyes containing wastewater is causing a serious environmental problem in water systems. Textile industries generate a huge volume of wastewater that contains many pollutants such as suspended solids, acidity, alkalinity, dissolved solids, sulfate, chromium, COD, and different types of dyes including Congo red (CR). Normally, CR is mainly associated with many industries like paint production, paper manufacturing, and garment printing. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the removal of CR from aqueous and textile wastewater using activated carbon developed from corn cobs under four adsorption factors named pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and initial dye concentration. This activated carbon was developed from corn cobs using pyrolysis and the chemical activating agent. Carbonization was done using an electrical fume furnace at 500 °C and then treated with phosphoric acid at a ratio of 1:1 (w/v). The textile wastewater properties were described by the color of 1200 (pt-co), pH 9, BOD5 200 mg/L, COD 370 mg/L, and TDS 4970 mg/L. The corn cob activated carbon (CCAC) was characterized by ash 2.4%, moisture 4.9%, volatile 40.9%, fixed carbon 51.8%, carbon yield 59.3%, bulk density 290 mg/m3, and surface area 650 m2/g. FTIR results showed the presence of multi-functional groups such as hydroxyl, alcohol, ketone, pyrone, aliphatic, ether, and aromatic whereas the X-ray analysis indicated the amorphous nature of carbonaceous matter. The maximum CR removal was obtained at the experimental condition of pH 6.2, adsorbent dose 1.6, contact time 84 min, and initial dye concentration of 90 mg/L in conventional experiments studies whereas the highest dye removals were found to be 96% from the aqueous solution and 88% from real textile wastewater under the factorial approach. Langmuir isothermal and pseudo-second-order at R2 0.997 are in good agreement with experimental adsorption data. Finally, CCAC is a good adsorbent for the discoloration of dyes from textile wastewater with the potential to be scaled up.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge Addis Ababa Science and Technology University for its laboratory facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Bioprocess and Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Takele Sime & Yididiya Temesgen

  2. Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Jemal Fito & Thabo T. I. Nkambule

  3. Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, 16417, Addis Ababa , Ethiopia

    Assefa Sergawie

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  1. Takele Sime
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Contributions

Conceptualization, YT, JF, TN, and TS; methodology, YT, and JF; software, YT; validation, JF, TS, AS, and TN; formal analysis, JF, and TN; investigation, YT; data curation, JF, and TN; writing—original draft preparation, JF, TS, YT and TN; writing—review and editing, JF, AS and TN; and; visualization and supervision, JF, AS and TN. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. All authors have contributed to the preparation of the manuscript and finally read and agreed to publish it in a journal.

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Sime, T., Fito, J., Nkambule, T.T.I. et al. Adsorption of Congo Red from Textile Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Developed from Corn Cobs: The Studies of Isotherms and Kinetics. Chemistry Africa 6, 667–682 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-022-00583-2

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